1887

Abstract

Intravenous infection by Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus strain GD VII causes acute encephalomyelitis and paralysis in infected mice. However, nude mice and cyclophosphamide-treated ddY mice did not show paralysis when they were able to survive until day 20 post-infection (p.i.). Of ddY mice infected with 5 × 10 p.f.u./mouse, 70–80% showed symptoms of paralysis on day 20 p.i. The viral titres in the brain and spinal cord in infected mice were not significantly different between paralytic and non-paralytic mice. In all of the mice infected with the virus, CD4 lymphocytes and CD8 lymphocytes had infiltrated the brain on days 10, 12, 14 and 20 p.i. as demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis. In contrast, few T lymphocytes infiltrated the spinal cord in the non-paralytic mice. Administration of an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-T cell receptor-αβ MAb on day 6 p.i. inhibited paralysis until day 20 p.i., though 20% of the MAb-treated mice and 80% of the control mice showed paralysis. Administration of anti-CD8 MAb was not effective in the suppression of paralysis. The MAb treatment did not significantly augment viral replication in the spinal cord, although the viral titres in the brain of the MAb-treated mice increased significantly. After the transfer of spleen cells from infected C3H mice, the recipient mice infected with a small amount of the virus showed paralysis, though uninfected mice did not. This transfer could be blocked by CD4 lymphocyte depletion of the donor mice. These results indicate that paralysis caused by acute myelitis in Theiler’s virus strain GD VII infection is induced by CD4 lymphocytes infiltrating the spinal cord.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2251
1995-09-01
2024-12-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/76/9/JV0760092251.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2251&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Benvenuto R., Paroli M., Buttinelli C., Franco A., Barnaba V., Fieschi C., Balsano F. 1992; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma synthesis by cerebrospinal fluid-derived T cell clones in multiple sclerosis. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 650:341–346
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Borrow P., Tonks P., Welsh C. J. R., Nash A. A. 1992; The role of CD8+ T cells in the acute and chronic phases of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced disease in mice. Journal of General Virology 73:1861–1865
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Borrow P., Welsh C. J., Nash A. A. 1993; Study of the mechanisms by which CD4+ T cells contribute to protection in Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis. Immunology 80:502–506
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Clatch R. J., Miller S. D., Metzner R., Dal Canto M. C., Lipton H. L. 1990; Monocytes/macrophages isolated from the mouse central nervous system contain infectious Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Virology 176:244–254
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dialynas D. P., Quan Z. S., Wall K. A., Pierres A., Quintans J., Loken M. R., Pierres M., Fitch F. W. 1983; Characterization of the murine T cell surface molecule, designated L3T4 to the human Leu-3/T4 molecule. Journal of Immunology 131:2445–2451
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ertl H. C. J., Dietzshold B., Gore M., Otvos L. Jr, Larson J. K., Wunner W. H., Koprowski H. 1989; Induction of rabies virus-specific T-helper cells by synthetic peptides that carry dominant T-helper cell epitopes of the viral ribonucleoprotein. Journal of Virology 63:2885–2892
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Joly E., Oldstone M. B. 1992; Neuronal cells are deficient in loading peptides onto MHC class I molecules. Neuron 8:1185–1190
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Kohanawa M., Nakane A., Minagawa T. 1993; Endogenous gamma interferon produced in central nervous system by systemic infection with Theiler’s virus in mice. Journal of Neuroimmunology 48:205–212
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kohanawa M., Nakane A., Asano M., Minagawa T. 1994; Theiler’s virus is eliminated by a gamma-interferon-independent mechanism in the brain. Journal of Neuroimmunology 52:79–86
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kohanawa M., Nakane A., Asano M., Minagawa T. 1995; CD3+/TCR-αβ cells are important in protecting spinal cord tissues against Theiler’s virus strain GD VII infection. Microbiology and Immunology 39:123–128
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kubo R. T., Born W., Kappler J. W., Marrack P., Bluestone J. A. 1989; Characterization of a monoclonal antibody which detects all murine αβ T cell receptors. Journal of Immunology 142:2736–2742
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ledbetter J. A., Herzenberg L. A. 1979; Xenogenic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens. Immunological Reviews 47:63–90
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lindsley M. D., Thiemenn R., Rodriguez M. 1991; Cytotoxic T cells isolated from the central nervous systems of mice infected with Theiler’s virus. Journal of Virology 65:6612–6620
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lipton H. L. 1975; Theiler’s virus infection in mice: an unusual biphasic disease process leading to demyelination. Infection and Immunity 11:1147–1155
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lipton H. L. 1980; Persistent Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection in mice depends on plaque size. Journal of General Virology 46:169–177
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Lipton H. L. 1994; Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus: animal models. In Handbook of Neurovirology pp 521–528 Edited by McKendall R. R., Stroop W. G. New York: Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Lipton H. L., Dal Canto M. C. 1975; Primary demyelination in Theiler’s virus infection. An ultrastructural study. Laboratory Investigation 33:626–637
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lipton H. L., Dal Canto M. C. 1976; Theiler’s virus-induced demyelination: prevention by immunosuppression. Science 192:62–64
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lorch Y., Friedmann A., Lipton H. L., Kotler M. 1981; Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus group includes two distinct genetic subgroups that differ pathologically and biologically. Journal of Virology 40:560–567
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Nakane A., Numata A., Chen Y., Minagawa T. 1991; Endogenous gamma interferon-independent host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection in CD4+ T cell- and Asialo GMf cell-depleted mice. Infection and Immunity 59:3439–3445
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Ohara Y., Konno H., Yamamoto T., Terunuma H., Suzuki H. 1990; Cytotropism of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis viruses in oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures. Archives of Virology 114:293–298
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Rodriguez M., Quddus J. 1986; Effect of cyclosporin A, silica quartz dust, and protease inhibitors on virus-induced demyelination. Journal of Neuroimmunology 13:159–174
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Rodriguez M., Roos R. P. 1992; Pathogenesis of early and late disease in mice infected with Theiler’s virus, using intratypic recombinant GD VII/DA viruses. Journal of Virology 66:217–225
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rodriguez M., Sriram S. 1988; Successful therapy of Theiler’s virus-induced demyelination (DA strain) with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody. Journal of Immunology 140:2950–2955
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Selmaj K. W., Raine C. S. 1988; Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro. Annals of Neurology 23:339–346
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sugamata M., Miyazawa M., Mori S., Sprangrude G. J., Ewalt L. C., Lodmell D. L. 1992; Paralysis of street rabies virus-infected mice is dependent on T lymphocytes. Journal of Virology 66:1252–1260
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Theiler M., Gard S. 1940; Encephalomyelitis of mice. I. Characteristics and pathogenesis of the virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 72:49–67
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Tite J. P. 1990; Evidence of a role for TNF-a in cytolysis by CD4+, class II MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells. Immunology 71:208–212
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Tite J. P., Janeway C. A. Jr 1984; Cloned helper T cells can kill B lymphoma cells in the presence of specific antigen: la restriction and cognate vs. noncognate interactions in cytolysis. European Journal of Immunology 14:878–886
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Welsh C. J. R., Tonks P., Nash A. A., Blakemore W. F. 1987; The effect of L3T4 T cell depletion on the pathogenesis of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus infection in CBA mice. Journal of General Virology 68:1659–1667
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2251
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-76-9-2251
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error