1887

Abstract

Summary

The complete nucleotide sequence of the P+C mRNA of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PF3) was determined by sequencing cDNA, viral genomic RNA and mRNA. The P+C mRNA is 2009 nucleotides in length, exclusive of poly(A), and contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The P+C mRNA encodes two proteins, the 602 amino acid nucleocapsid phosphoprotein P and the 199 amino acid non-structural protein C. Peptide mapping confirmed that the two proteins are unrelated. Hybridarrest translation experiments assigned each of the two proteins to its respective ORF. These studies showed that the coding strategy of the PF3 P+C mRNA is similar to that of Sendai virus. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the P and C proteins of PF3 and Sendai virus represent homologous pairs. However, these homologies are represented by high contents of accepted amino acid substitutions and by similarity in hydropathy profiles rather than by high contents of exact amino acid matches. Homology with the P and C proteins of measles, canine distemper and respiratory syncytial viruses was at the threshold of significance. The patterns of amino acid sequence homology among the paramyxovirus HN, F, NP, P and C proteins are compared.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-67-12-2705
1986-12-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jgv/67/12/JV0670122705.html?itemId=/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-67-12-2705&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alkhatib G., Briedis D. J. 1986; The predicted primary structure of the measles virus hemagglutinin. Virology 150:479–490
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Barker W. C., Dayhoff M. D. 1982; Viral src gene products are related to the catalytic chains of mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 79:2836–2839
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barrett T., Shrimpton S. B., Russell S. E. H. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of the entire protein coding version of canine distemper virus polymerase-associated (P) protein mRNA. Virus Research 3:367–372
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bellini W. I., Englund G., Rozenblatt S., Arnheiter H., Richardson C. D. 1985; Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins. Journal of Virology 53:908–915
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chanock R. M., McIntosh K. 1985; Parainfluenza viruses. In Virology pp 1241–1253 Edited by Fields B. N. New York: Raven Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chinchar V. G., Portner A. 1981a; Functions of Sendai virus nucleocapsid polypeptides: enzymatic activities in nucleocapsids following cleavage of polypeptide P by Staphylococcus aureus protease V8. Virology 109:59–71
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chinchar V. G., Portner A. 1981b; Inhibition of RNA synthesis following proteolytic cleavage of Newcastle disease virus P protein. Virology 115:192–202
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cleveland D. W., Fischer S. G., Kirschner W. M., Laemmli U. K. 1977; Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 252:1102–1106
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Collins P. L., Wertz G. W. 1985; Nucleotide sequences of the 1B and 1C nonstructural protein mRNAs of human respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 143:442–451
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Collins P. L., Wertz G. W., Ball L. A., Hightower L. E. 1982; Coding assignments of the five smaller mRNAs of Newcastle disease virus. Journal of Virology 43:1024–1031
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Collins P. L., Huang Y., Wertz G. W. 1984a; Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion (F) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 81:7683–7687
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Collins P. L., Huang Y. T., Wertz G. W. 1984b; Identification of a tenth mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus and assignment of polypeptides to the 10 viral genes. Journal of Virology 49:572–578
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Collins P. L., Anderson K., Langer S. J., Wertz G. W. 1985; Correct sequence for the major nucleocapsid protein mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 146:69–77
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Collins P. L., Dickens L. E., Buckler-White A., Olmsted R. A., Spriggs M. K., Camargo E., Coelingh K. V. W. 1986; Nucleotide sequences for the gene junctions of human respiratory syncytial virus reveal distinctive features of intergenic structure and gene order. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 83:4594–4598
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Dayhoff M. 1978 Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure vol 5 supplement 3 Washington, D,. C.: National Biomedical Research Foundation;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Deshpande K. L., Portner A. 1985; Monoclonal antibodies to the P protein of Sendai virus define its structure and role in transcription. Virology 140:125–134
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Elango N., Coligan J. E., Jambou R. C., Venkatesan S. 1986; Human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: nucleotide sequence of mRNA and limited amino acid sequence of CNBr peptides of the purified protein. Journal of Virology 57:481–489
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fields S., Winter G. 1982; Nucleotide sequences of influenza virus segments 1 and 3 reveal mosaic structure of a small viral RNA segment. Cell 28:303–313
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Galinski M. S., Mink M. A., Lambert D. M., Wechsler S. L., Pons M. W. 1986; Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza virus RNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein. Virology 149:139–151
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gill D. S., Banerjee A. K. 1985; Vesicular stomatitis virus NS proteins: structural similarity without extensive sequence homology. Journal of Virology 55:60–66
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Giorgi C., Blumberg B. M., Kolakofsky D. 1983; Sendai virus contains overlapping genes expressed from a single mRNA. Cell 35:829–836
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hamaguchi M., Yoshida T., Nishikawa K., Naruse H., Nagai Y. 1983; Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. I. Both L and P proteins are required to constitute an active complex. Virology 128:105–117
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Herrler G., Compans R. W. 1982; Synthesis of mumps virus polypeptides in infected Vero cells. Virology 119:430–438
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hiebert S. W., Paterson R. G., Lamb R. A. 1985; Identification and predicted sequence of a previously unrecognized small hydrophobic protein, SH, of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5. Journal of Virology 55:744–751
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Hightower L. E., Collins P. L., Smith G. W. 1984; Identification of a phosphorylated non-structural form of the P protein of Newcastle disease virus and analysis of P multimers. Journal of General Virology 65:1631–1636
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Hsu C.-H., Kingsbury D. W. 1982; Topography of phosphate residues in Sendai virus proteins. Virology 120:225–234
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Jambou R. C., Elango N., Venkatesan S. 1985; Proteins associated with human parainfluenza virus type 3. Journal of Virology 56:298–302
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Jambou R. C., Elango N., Venkatesan S., Collins P. L. 1986; Complete sequence of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of human parainfluenza type 3 virus: comparison with other negative strand viruses. Journal of General Virology 67:2543–2548
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kolakofsky D., Curran J., Blumberg B., Giorgi C., Lamb R., Peterson R., Hiebert S., Venkatesan S., Elango N. 1986; Sequence comparison of paramyxovirus surface glycoproteins. In Biology of Negative Strand RNA Viruses Edited by Mahy J. B. W., Kolakofsky D. Amsterdam: Elsevier (in press);
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kozak M. 1986; Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44:283–292
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Kyte J., Doolittle R. F. 1982; A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. Journal of Molecular Biology 157:105–132
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Laemmli U. K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Maniatis T., Fritsch E. F., Sambrook J. 1982 Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. 1980; Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods in Enzymology 65:499–560
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Morgan E. M., Re G. G., Kingsbury D. W. 1984; Complete sequence of the Sendai virus NP gene from a cloned insert. Virology 135:279–287
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Paterson B. M., Roberts B. E., Kuff E. L. 1977; Structural gene identification and mapping by DNA-mRNA hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 74:4370–4374
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Paterson R. G., Harris T. J. R., Lamb R. A. 1984; Analysis and gene assignment of mRNAs of a paramyxovirus, simian virus 5. Virology 138:310–323
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Richardson C. D., Scheid A., Choppin P. W. 1980; Specific inhibition of paramyxovirus and myxovirus replication by oligopeptides with amino acid sequences to those at the N-termini of the F, or HA2 viral polypeptides. Virology 105:205–222
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rozenblatt S., Eizenberg O., Ben-Levy R., Lavie V., Bellini W. 1985; Sequence homology within the morbilliviruses. Journal of Virology 53:684–690
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Sanchez A., Banerjee A. K. 1985a; Studies on human parainfluenza virus 3: characterization of the structural proteins and in vitro synthesized proteins coded by mRNAs isolated from infected cells. Virology 143:45–54
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sanchez A., Banerjee A. K. 1985b; Coding and gene assignments of mRNAs of human parainfluenza virus 3. Virology 147:177–186
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Satake M., Elango N., Venkatesan S. 1984; Sequence analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein gene. Journal of Virology 52:891–894
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Shioda T., Iwasaki K., Shibuta H. 1986; Determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the Sendai virus genome RNA and the predicted amino acid sequences of the F, HN and L proteins. Nucleic Acids Research 14:1545–1563
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Smith G. W., Hightower L. E. 1981; Identification of the P proteins and other disulfide-linked and phosphorylated proteins of Newcastle disease virus. Journal of Virology 37:256–267
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Spriggs M. K., Collins P. L. 1986; Human parainfluenza virus type 3: messenger RNAs, polypeptide coding assignments, intergenic sequences and genetic map. Journal of Virology (in press)
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Spriggs M. K., Olmsted R. A., Venkatesan S., Coligan J. E., Collins P. L. 1986; Fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: nuleotide sequence of the gene, direct identification of the cleavage activation site, and comparison with other paramyxoviruses. Virology 152:241–251
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Storey D. G., Dimock K., Kang C. Y. 1984; Structural characterization of virion protein and genomic RNA of human parainfluenza virus 3. Journal of Virology 52:761–766
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Varsanyi T., Jörnvall M., Norrby E. 1985; Isolation and characterization of the measles virus F1 polypeptide: comparison with other paramyxovirus fusion proteins. Virology 147:110–117
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Wechsler S. L., Lambert D. M., Galinski M. S., Pons M. W. 1985a; Intracellular synthesis of human parainfluenza type 3 virus specified polypeptides. Journal of Virology 54:661–664
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Wechsler S. L., Lambert D. M., Galinski M. S., Heineke B. E., Pons M. W. 1985b; Human parainfluenza virus 3: purification and characterization of subviral components, viral proteins and viral RNA. Virus Research 3:339–351
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Wertz G. W., Collins P. L., Huang Y., Gruber C., Levine S., Ball L. A. 1985; Nucleotide sequence of the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus reveals an unusual type of viral membrane protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 82:4075–4079
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Zagursky R. J., Baumeister K., Lomax N., Berman M. L. 1985; Rapid and easy sequencing oflarge linear double stranded DNA and supercoiled plasmid DNA. Gene Analysis Techniques 2:89–94
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-67-12-2705
Loading
/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-67-12-2705
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error