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Volume 9, Issue 7

A multidrug-resistant Typhimurium DT104 complex lineage circulating among humans and cattle in the USA lost the ability to produce pertussis-like toxin ArtAB Open Access

Abstract

subsp. serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) can infect both humans and animals and is often multidrug-resistant (MDR). Previous studies have indicated that, unlike most . Typhimurium, the overwhelming majority of DT104 strains produce pertussis-like toxin ArtAB via prophage-encoded genes . However, DT104 that lack have been described on occasion. Here, we identify an MDR DT104 complex lineage circulating among humans and cattle in the USA, which lacks (i.e. the ‘U.S. -negative major clade’; =42 genomes). Unlike most other bovine- and human-associated DT104 complex strains from the USA (=230 total genomes), which harbour on prophage Gifsy-1 (=177), members of the U.S. -negative major clade lack Gifsy-1, as well as anti-inflammatory effector . The U.S. -negative major clade encompasses human- and cattle-associated strains isolated from ≥11 USA states over a 20-year period. The clade was predicted to have lost , Gifsy-1 and circa 1985–1987 (95 % highest posterior density interval 1979.0–1992.1). When compared to DT104 genomes from other regions of the world (=752 total genomes), several additional, sporadic , Gifsy-1 and/or loss events among clades encompassing five or fewer genomes were observed. Using phenotypic assays that simulate conditions encountered during human and/or bovine digestion, members of the U.S. -negative major clade did not differ from closely related Gifsy-1//-harbouring U.S. DT104 complex strains (ANOVA raw >0.05); thus, future research is needed to elucidate the roles that , and Gifsy-1 play in DT104 virulence in humans and animals.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): ArtAB , DT104 , Gifsy-1 , GogB , prophage and Salmonella Typhimurium
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Award KAW 2020.0239)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LauraM. Carroll
  • National Science Foundation (Award Graduate Research Opportunities Worldwide (GROW))
    • Principle Award Recipient: LauraM. Carroll
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2023-07-04
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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001050
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A multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104 complex lineage circulating among humans and cattle in the USA lost the ability to produce pertussis-like toxin ArtAB
M Gen 9, 001050 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001050
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001050
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