1887

Microbial Genomics logo

Volume 9, Issue 6

Bacterium of one thousand and one variants: genetic diversity of pathogenicity. Open Access

Abstract

The bacterium causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhoea. Although diverse clinical manifestations are associated with gonorrhoea, ranging from asymptomatic through to localized and disseminated infection, very little is known about the bacterial determinants implicated in causing such different clinical symptoms. In particular, virulence factors, although defined and investigated in particular strains, often lack comprehensive analysis of their genetic diversity and how this relates to particular disease states. This review examines the clinical manifestations of gonorrhoea and discusses them in relation to disease severity and association with expression of particular virulence factors including PorB, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and Opa, both in terms of their mechanisms of action and inter- and intra-strain variation. Particular attention is paid to phase variation as a key mechanism of genetic variation in the gonococcus and the impact of this during infection. We describe how whole-genome-sequence-based approaches that focus on virulence factors can be employed for vaccine development and discuss whether whole-genome-sequence data can be used to predict the severity of gonococcal infection.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): genome , immune evasion , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , pathogenesis and variation
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • University of Oxford
    • Principle Award Recipient: KacperKurzyp
  • Wellcome Trust (Award 214374/Z/18/Z)
    • Principle Award Recipient: OdileB. Harrison
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2023-06-07
2024-05-11
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Bacterium of one thousand and one variants: genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pathogenicity.
M Gen 9, 001040 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001040
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