1887

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Volume 8, Issue 10

Dissemination of metaldehyde catabolic pathways is driven by mobile genetic elements in Proteobacteria Open Access

Abstract

Bioremediation of metaldehyde from drinking water using metaldehyde-degrading strains has recently emerged as a promising alternative. Whole-genome sequencing was used to obtain full genomes for metaldehyde degraders E1 and CMET-H. For the former, the genetic context of the metaldehyde-degrading genes had not been explored, while for the latter, none of the degrading genes themselves had been identified. In E1, IS and IS-family insertion sequences (ISs) were found surrounding the metaldehyde-degrading gene cluster located in plasmid pAME76. This cluster was located in closely-related plasmids and associated to identical ISs in most metaldehyde-degrading β- and γ-Proteobacteria, indicating horizontal gene transfer (HGT). For CMET-H, sequence analysis suggested a phytanoyl-CoA family oxygenase as a metaldehyde-degrading gene candidate due to its close homology to a previously identified metaldehyde-degrading gene known as . Heterologous gene expression in alongside degradation tests verified its functional significance and the degrading gene homolog was henceforth called . It was found that is hosted within the conjugative plasmid pSM1 and its genetic context suggested a crossover between the metaldehyde and acetoin degradation pathways. Here, specific replicons and ISs responsible for maintaining and dispersing metaldehyde-degrading genes in α, β and γ-Proteobacteria through HGT were identified and described. In addition, a homologous gene implicated in the first step of metaldehyde utilisation in an α-Proteobacteria was uncovered. Insights into specific steps of this possible degradation pathway are provided.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): bioremediation , evolution , insertion sequence , metaldehyde , pesticides and plasmid
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Universidad de Costa Rica
    • Principle Award Recipient: VíctorCastro-Gutierrez
  • Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (Award PID2020-117923GB-I00)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MaríaPilar Garcillán-Barcia
  • Natural Environment Research Council (Award NE/N009061/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JamesMoir
© 2022 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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Dissemination of metaldehyde catabolic pathways is driven by mobile genetic elements in Proteobacteria
M Gen 8, 000881 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000881
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000881
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