1887

Abstract

The vast majority of described prokaryotic viruses have double-stranded or single-stranded DNA or double-stranded RNA genomes. Until 2020, a mere four prokaryotic single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses have been classified in two genera (). Several recent metagenomic and metatranscriptomic studies revealed a vastly greater diversity of these viruses in prokaryotic soil communities than ever anticipated. Phylogenetic analysis of these newly discovered viruses prompted the reorganization of class , now renamed , to include two orders, and , and a total of six families, 428 genera and 882 species. Here we outline the new taxonomy of , approved and ratified in 2021 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and describe open-access hidden Markov models to accommodate the anticipated identification and future classification of hundreds, if not thousands, of additional class members into this new taxonomic framework.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/R012504/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MarkJ. Pallen
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/R012490/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: EvelienM. Adriaenssens
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Award HHSN272201800013C)
    • Principle Award Recipient: JensH. Kuhn
  • Science Foundation Ireland (Award SFI/12/RC/2273_P2)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ColinHill
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2021-11-08
2024-10-03
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