- Volume 56, Issue 10, 2006
Volume 56, Issue 10, 2006
- New Taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Marinomonas ostreistagni sp. nov., isolated from a pearl-oyster culture pond in Sanya, Hainan Province, China
A Gram-negative, aerobic, halophilic, neutrophilic, rod-shaped, non-pigmented, polar-flagellated bacterium, UST010306-043T, was isolated from a pearl-oyster culture pond in Sanya, Hainan Province, China in January 2001. This marine bacterium had an optimum temperature for growth of between 33 and 37 °C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was closely related to Marinomonas aquimarina and Marinomonas communis, with 97.5–97.7 and 97.1 % sequence similarity, respectively. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness to the type strains of these species were well below 70 %. Analyses of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxomonic characteristics showed that strain UST010306-043T was distinct from currently established Marinomonas species. A novel species with the name Marinomonas ostreistagni sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this bacterium, with strain UST010306-043T (=JCM 13672T=NRRL B-41433T) as the type strain.
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Roseomonas aquatica sp. nov., isolated from drinking water
More LessStrain TR53T, a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic coccobacillus, isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Seville, Spain, was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis using a combination of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic features. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TR53T had highest similarity to members of the genus Roseomonas, with sequence similarity values between 95.7 % (to Roseomonas genomospecies 5 strain ATCC 49960) and 94.0 % (to Roseomonas gilardii subsp. rosea ATCC 49956T). On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence data and DNA G+C content (68.6 mol%), strain TR53T represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Roseomonas aquatica is TR53T (=CECT 7131T=JCM 13556T).
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Byssovorax cruenta gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev., a cellulose-degrading myxobacterium: rediscovery of ‘Myxococcus cruentus’ Thaxter 1897
More LessA rare, cellulose-decomposing myxobacterium is described, and a new genus name, Byssovorax, is proposed for it. The organism is almost certainly identical to the species ‘Myxococcus cruentus’ Thaxter 1897 , and that species epithet is therefore revived for the novel bacterium: the type strain of Byssovorax cruenta gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev. is strain By c2T (=DSM 14553T=CIP 108850T). The G+C content of its DNA is 69.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence shows that the species belongs to the family Polyangiaceae, suborder ‘Sorangineae’, of the Myxococcales. An emended description of the organism is given.
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Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov., isolated in Japan
More LessThe characterization of a novel Rickettsia species, first isolated from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan in 1993, is described for which the name Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is proposed. Using multilocus sequence comparison, five rickettsial isolates from I. ovatus collected at various locations in Japan were found to be identical but belonged to a novel species. Serotyping also demonstrated this rickettsia to be distinct from previously described Rickettsia species. The type strain of Rickettsia asiatica sp. nov. is IO-1T (=CSUR R2T). Following discussions held at the meeting of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and its Judicial Commission (JC) in San Francisco, 2005, and in anticipation of the published minutes of the JC and ICSP, a committee consisting of the chairman of the ICSP, the chairman of the Judicial Commission of the ICSP and the Editor of the IJSEM has granted an exception in this case to the Rule governing the deposit of type material in two different collections in two different countries.
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Thiomicrospira halophila sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from hypersaline lakes
Enrichments at 2 M NaCl and pH 7.5–8, with thiosulfate or sulfide as electron donor, inoculated with sediments from hypersaline chloride–sulfate lakes of the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the domination of two different groups of moderately halophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Under fully aerobic conditions with thiosulfate, bacteria belonging to the genus Halothiobacillus dominated while, under microaerophilic conditions, a highly motile, short vibrio-shaped phenotype outcompeted the halothiobacilli. Three genetically and phenotypically highly similar vibrio-shaped isolates were obtained in pure culture and one of them, strain HL 5T, was identified as a member of the Thiomicrospira crunogena cluster by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The new isolates were able to grow with thiosulfate as electron donor within a broad salinity range from 0.5 to 3.5 M NaCl with an optimum at 1.5 M and within a pH range from 6.5 to 8.5 with an optimum at pH 7.5–7.8. Comparative analysis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) gene sequences demonstrated that strain HL 5T possessed two genes, cbbL-1 and cbbL-2, of the form I RuBisCO and a cbbM gene of the form II RuBisCO, similar to the other members of the Thiomicrospira crunogena cluster. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic comparison, the new halophilic isolates are proposed to be placed into a novel species, Thiomicrospira halophila sp. nov. (type strain HL 5T=DSM 15072T=UNIQEM U 221T).
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Paracoccus homiensis sp. nov., isolated from a sea-sand sample
Strain DD-R11T, isolated from a sea-sand sample from Homi Cape, Pohang city, South Korea, was a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming, rod- to ovoid-shaped bacterium. Colonies grown on marine agar were circular, convex and colourless to creamy white. Growth occurred between 10 and 40 °C (optimum 25–30 °C) and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 6.0–8.0). The strain could grow in up to 15 % NaCl (optimum 3–5 % NaCl). According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was a member of the genus Paracoccus in the Alphaproteobacteria. Sequence similarities to type strains of the genus Paracoccus were between 94.6 and 98.3 %, showing the highest sequence similarity to Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588T. The DNA–DNA relatedness value of strain DD-R11T and P. zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588T was 27 %. Strain DD-R11T was characterized by having ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 63.0 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is suggested that DD-R11T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus homiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with DD-R11T (=KACC 11518T=DSM 17862T) as the type strain.
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Starkeya koreensis sp. nov., isolated from rice straw
More LessA facultatively chemolithoautotrophic, Gram-negative, aerobic, highly curved rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain Jip08T, was isolated from rice straw in Daejeon, South Korea. Strain Jip08T produced colourless colonies (1.0–1.5 mm) on R2A medium after 3 days. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Jip08T was shown to belong to the α-2 subclass of the Proteobacteria, and was most closely related to Starkeya novella IAM 12100T (98.6 %), Angulomicrobium tetraedale DSM 5895T (98.1 %), Angulomicrobium amanitiforme NCIMB 1785T (98.0 %), Ancylobacter aquaticus ATCC 25396T (96.6 %) and Methylorhabdus multivorans DM13T (95.8 %), all of which belong to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain Jip08T was 69 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data [major ubiquinone, Q-10; major fatty acids, C18 : 1 isomer (summed feature of C18 : 1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C16 : 0], 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and some morphological and physiological features supported the affiliation of strain Jip08T to the genus Starkeya. However, DNA–DNA hybridization data and some phenotypic properties showed that strain Jip08T could be distinguished from the single known Starkeya species and represented a novel species, for which the name Starkeya koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Jip08T (=KCTC 12212T=NBRC 100963T=IAM 15215T).
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Burkholderia ferrariae sp. nov., isolated from an iron ore in Brazil
A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterial strain with the ability to solubilize highly insoluble phosphatic minerals was isolated from a high-phosphorous iron ore from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This strain, designated FeGl01T, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Burkholderia together with several other species of the genus, e.g. Burkholderia sacchari, Burkholderia tropica and Burkholderia unamae. Partial nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the recA gene roughly corroborated the phylogenetic position of strain FeGl01T within the genus Burkholderia. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain FeGl01T, such as ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant quinone system and C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 : 1 ω7c and C19 : 0 ω8c cyclo as the major fatty acids, were also consistent with its classification within the genus Burkholderia. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain FeGl01T and the type strains of B. unamae, B. sacchari and B. tropica yielded reassociation values of 40 % or lower, which, together with qualitative and quantitative differences in fatty acid composition and with differences in several phenotypic traits, support the separation of the new isolate from the phylogenetically most closely related species. Therefore, it is suggested that strain FeGl01T represents a novel species of the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia ferrariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FeGl01T (=LMG 23612T=CECT 7171T=DSM 18251T).
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Massilia aurea sp. nov., isolated from drinking water
More LessA Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped organism, strain AP13T, able to produce yellow-pigmented colonies, was isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Seville (Spain) and was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. In 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain AP13T exhibited 96.9–95.6 % similarity with respect to the five recognized species of the genus Massilia. The DNA G+C content of strain AP13T was 66.0 mol%, a value that supports the affiliation of strain AP13T to the genus Massilia. DNA–DNA hybridization data and phenotypic properties confirmed that strain AP13T represents a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia aurea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP13T (=CECT 7142T=CCM 7363T=DSM 18055T=JCM 13879T).
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Bowmanella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from seawater from An-Ping Harbour, Taiwan
More LessA heterotrophic, non-fermentative, denitrifying isolate, designated strain BD1T, was obtained from a seawater sample collected in the shallow coastal region of An-Ping Harbour, Tainan, Taiwan. The cells of strain BD1T were Gram-negative. Cells grown in broth cultures were curved rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred between 10 and 40 °C, with an optimum at 30–35 °C. Strain BD1T grew in NaCl levels of 0–10 %, with better growth occurring at 1–3 %. It grew aerobically and could achieve anaerobic growth by adopting a denitrifying metabolism with nitrate or nitrous oxide as the terminal electron acceptor. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C15 : 0 iso 2-OH). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (56.6 %) and phosphatidylglycerol (43.4 %). The isoprenoid quinones were Q-8 (81.5 %), Q-9 (11.1 %) and Q-10 (7.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 50.0 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BD1T formed a distinct lineage in the Gammaproteobacteria and that it exhibited the highest level of sequence similarity with species of the genera Alteromonas (92.8–93.7 %), Aestuariibacter (93.0 %), Glaciecola (90.4–92.7 %) and Salinimonas (91.8 %). Strain BD1T was distinguishable from species of these genera by the presence of Q-9 and Q-10. Phenotypically, strain BD1T was also distinguishable from species of these genera in that it did not require NaCl for growth and was capable of denitrification. On the basis of the polyphasic data from this study, the isolate represents a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Bowmanella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Bowmanella denitrificans is BD1T (=BCRC 17491T=JCM 13378T).
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Pseudolabrys taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from soil
A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped micro-organism (CC-BB4T) was isolated on nutrient agar from soil from Sinshe in Taichung County, Taiwan. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that this isolate was novel, as it showed <92 % similarity to the sequences of species of the genera Labrys, Beijerinckia and Methylocystis. The micro-organism did not utilize methylamine or methanol as a substrate, but was able to use several organic acids. The fatty acid profile was different from those reported for the genera Labrys, Beijerinckia, Methylocystis, Angulomicrobium, Methylorhabdus and Methyloarcula. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain CC-BB4T represents a novel genus, for which the name Pseudolabrys gen. nov. is proposed. The type species is Pseudolabrys taiwanensis sp. nov., and the type strain of P. taiwanensis is CC-BB4T (=CCUG 51779T=CIP 108932T).
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Morganella psychrotolerans sp. nov., a histamine-producing bacterium isolated from various seafoods
More LessMesophilic Morganella morganii (n=6) and psychrotolerant M. morganii-like isolates from various seafoods (n=13), as well as clinical M. morganii isolates (n=3), were characterized by using a polyphasic approach including multi-locus sequencing. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the 22 strains were divided into two distinct groups comprising mesophilic and psychrotolerant isolates, respectively. This classification was supported by DNA–DNA hybridization studies, whereby a psychrotolerant isolate (strain U2/3T) showed 41.0 and 17.8 % relatedness to the type strains of the mesophilic species Morganella morganii subsp. morganii (strain LMG 7874T) and Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii (strain DSM 14850T), respectively. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed a similarity of 98.6 % between mesophilic and psychrotolerant isolates. However, fragments of seven protein-encoding housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaN, gyrB, hdc, infB, rpoB and tuf) all showed less than 90.9 % sequence similarity between the two groups. The psychrotolerant isolates grew at 0–2 °C and also differed from the mesophilic M. morganii isolates with respect to growth at 37 °C and in 8.5 % (w/v) NaCl and fermentation of d-galactose. The psychrotolerant strains appear to represent a novel species, for which the name Morganella psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is U2/3T (=LMG 23374T=DSM 17886T).
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- Eukaryotic Micro-Organisms
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Metschnikowia orientalis sp. nov., an Australasian yeast from nitidulid beetles
More LessA novel species, Metschnikowia orientalis sp. nov., is described for haploid, heterothallic yeasts isolated from nitidulid beetles sampled in flowers in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, and the Cameron Highlands of Malaysia. As evidenced by analysis of D1/D2 large subunit rDNA sequences, the species is related to Candida hawaiiana, to which it is similar in growth responses. Cylindrical, conjugated asci and acicular ascospores of moderate size are formed. Rudimentary mating reactions were observed with Metschnikowia aberdeeniae and Metschnikowia continentalis, but not with C. hawaiiana. The type strain of M. orientalis is UWOPS 99-745.6T (h+) (=CBS 10331T=NRRL Y-27991T) and the designated allotype is UWOPS 05-269.1 (h−) (=CBS 10330=NRRL Y-27992).
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- Other Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Syntrophomonas cellicola sp. nov., a spore-forming syntrophic bacterium isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar, and assignment of Syntrophospora bryantii to Syntrophomonas bryantii comb. nov.
More LessA spore-forming, anaerobic, syntrophic fatty-acid-oxidizing bacterium, strain 19J-3T, was isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar in Hebei Province, China. The cells were slightly curved rods with a spore at the end of the cell. The optimal temperature for growth was around 37 °C and growth occurred in the range 25–45 °C. The pH range for growth was 6.5–8.5 and the optimum pH was 7.0–7.5. Crotonate was the only substrate that allowed the strain to grow in pure culture. However, the strain could oxidize saturated fatty acids with four to nine carbon atoms syntrophically in co-culture with Methanobacterium formicicum DSM 1535T. The strain was not able to utilize sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, DMSO, nitrate, fumarate or Fe(III) as electron acceptor. The DNA base composition was 48.8 mol% G+C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 19J-3T was related to members of the family Syntrophomonadaceae and most closely to Syntrophospora bryantii DSM 3014T (94.3 % similarity) and Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei DSM 2245T (93.6 % similarity). Considering the phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic features, strain 19J-3T (=CGMCC 1.5041T=JCM 13582T) is designated as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Syntrophomonas, Syntrophomonas cellicola sp. nov. Based on the close phylogenetic relationship between the genera Syntrophospora and Syntrophomonas, the presence of sporulation-specific genes in the genome of Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei DSM 2245T and the description of a spore-forming member of Syntrophomonas, ‘Syntrophomonas erecta subsp. sporosyntropha’, we propose the assignment of Syntrophospora bryantii to the genus Syntrophomonas as Syntrophomonas bryantii comb. nov.
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Paenibacillus sepulcri sp. nov., isolated from biodeteriorated mural paintings in the Servilia tomb
More LessIn 2001, a Gram-variable, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from biodeteriorated mural paintings in the Servilia tomb of the Roman necropolis of Carmona was deposited as Paenibacillus strain LMG 19508. Subsequently, the strain was characterized in detail using phenotypic and molecular methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that the strain belongs to the genus Paenibacillus and indicated its relationship to Paenibacillus mendelii CCM 4839T (96.7 % sequence similarity). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid of the A1γ type. The DNA G+C content (50 mol%) and the major fatty acid (anteiso-C15 : 0) of strain LMG 19508T were also consistent with its affiliation to the genus Paenibacillus. DNA–DNA hybridization distinguished strain LMG 19508T from other phylogenetically related Paenibacillus species. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus sepulcri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCM 7311T (=LMG 19508T).
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Oenococcus kitaharae sp. nov., a non-acidophilic and non-malolactic-fermenting oenococcus isolated from a composting distilled shochu residue
More LessSix strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated in Japan from a composting distilled shochu residue. The six isolates grew poorly on MRS agar and slowly in MRS broth. The 16S rRNA gene sequences did not show high levels of similarity to those of the recognized species of lactic acid bacteria, and formed a subcluster within the cluster comprising obligately heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria closely related to Oenococcus oeni. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness revealed that the isolates belonged to the same taxon and were genetically separate from O. oeni. Furthermore, various phenotypic characteristics such as the optimum pH for growth, malolactic fermentation and resistance to 10 % ethanol revealed that the isolates are distinguishable from O. oeni. On the basis of their phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, the isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Oenococcus kitaharae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NRIC 0645T (=JCM 13282T=DSM 17330T).
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Reclassification of Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens as Carboxydothermus ferrireducens comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Carboxydothermus
More LessSimilarities in phylogeny and metabolic properties between the type species of two monospecific genera of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans and Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens, and analysis of their recently available 16S rRNA gene sequences warranted clarification of their taxonomic positions. We have determined that the value of DNA–DNA hybridization between the type strains is 53 %. Additional physiological studies revealed that C. hydrogenoformans Z-2901T is capable of Fe(III) reduction with H2 as an electron donor and ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor. T. ferrireducens JW/AS-Y7T is able to grow and utilize CO with ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor without hydrogen or acetate production. We therefore reclassify Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens as Carboxydothermus ferrireducens comb. nov. (type strain JW/AS-Y7T=DSM 11255T=VKM B-2392T). The description of the genus Carboxydothermus is emended to include such important physiological properties as growth on organic compounds and capacity for Fe(III) reduction.
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Polyphasic analysis indicates that Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius and Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius do not merit separate subspecies status
More LessLactobacillus salivarius Rogosa et al. 1953 was described as a homofermentative lactobacillus with two varieties: salivarius, typified inter alia by the ability to ferment rhamnose, and salicinius, characterized by the ability to ferment the glucoside salicin. These varieties have become accepted as subspecies divisions. We have examined the relatedness of 32 L. salivarius strains by a polyphasic approach. Carbohydrate fermentation profile analysis did not support clear distinction of the two subspecies. L. salivarius UCC118 was shown to be facultatively heterofermentative, confirming in silico genome analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequences and 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region sequences provided no discrimination between any of the strains or subspecies. Broad subdivisions were distinguishable by pulsed-field gel genomic digest patterns, but they did not allow subspecific or phenotypic distinctions. A phylogeny based upon groEL gene sequences was discordant with rhamnose or salicin fermentation data for many taxa, and no reliable phenotypic correlations could be established. In the absence of meaningful taxonomic criteria, we therefore propose that Lactobacillus salivarius comprises a single species with no infraspecific taxa. Based on the present study and literature data, an emended description of the species Lactobacillus salivarius is provided.
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Pediococcus ethanolidurans sp. nov., isolated from the walls of a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar
More LessTwo novel Pediococcus strains, Z-9T and Z-17, were isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar in Hebei Province, China. The cells were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci and occurred in pairs or tetrads. The strains were facultatively anaerobic and produced only lactic acid [d(−) and l(+) isomers in the ratio 50 : 50] from glucose fermentation. Catalase activity was not present. Both strains were able to grow in 6.5 % ethanol and at pH 3.5, but not in 4 % NaCl. The mean genomic G+C content of the two strains was 39.5±0.5 mol% (39 mol% for the type strain, Z-9T). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel strains and related species of the genus Pediococcus ranged from 98.3 to 98.7 %. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Z-9T and the phylogenetically closely related pediococci Pediococcus damnosus LMG 11484T, Pediococcus inopinatus LMG 11409T, Pediococcus parvulus LMG 11486T and Pediococcus cellicola LMG 22956T were 14.6, 33, 28.7 and 16.8 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species, Pediococcus ethanolidurans sp. nov., is proposed, with strain Z-9T (=AS 1.3889T=LMG 23354T) as the type strain.
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Proposal of Roseburia faecis sp. nov., Roseburia hominis sp. nov. and Roseburia inulinivorans sp. nov., based on isolates from human faeces
Seven recently cultured bacterial isolates, although similar in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to Roseburia intestinalis L1-82T (DSM 14610T), were not sufficiently related for inclusion within existing species, forming three separate clusters in a 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree. The isolates, which were obtained from human stools, were Gram-variable or Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, slightly curved rods; cells from all strains measured approximately 0.5×1.5–5.0 μm and were motile. Two strains belonging to one cluster (A2-181 and A2-183T) were the only strains that were able to grow on glycerol and that failed to grow on any of the complex substrates tested (inulin, xylan and amylopectin). Strains belonging to a second cluster (represented by M6/1 and M72/1T) differed from the other isolates in their ability to grow on sorbitol. Isolates belonging to a third cluster (L1-83 and A2-194T) were the only strains that failed to grow on xylose and that gave good growth on inulin (strains M6/1 and M72/1T gave weak growth). All strains were net acetate utilizers. The DNA G+C contents of representative Roseburia strains A2-183T, A2-194T, M72/1T and R. intestinalis L1-82T were 47.4, 41.4, 42.0 and 42.6 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, three novel Roseburia species are proposed, with the names Roseburia hominis sp. nov. (type strain A2-183T=DSM 16839T=NCIMB 14029T), Roseburia inulinivorans sp. nov. (type strain A2-194T=DSM 16841T=NCIMB 14030T) and Roseburia faecis sp. nov. (type strain M72/1T=DSM 16840T=NCIMB 14031T).
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