1887

Abstract

The cytotoxin CytK produced by is believed to be involved in food-borne diseases. The transcriptional activity of the promoter region in a food-poisoning strain was studied using a reporter gene and compared with that in the reference strain ATCC 14579. In the food-poisoning strain, is more strongly transcribed, possibly explaining the pathogenicity. The global regulator PlcR in controls several putative virulence factors. It was found that PlcR regulates in this clinical strain despite a mismatch in the PlcR recognition site, as currently defined. This suggests that the PlcR box consensus should be reconsidered and that the PlcR regulon might be larger than suspected. It is also shown that the high level of transcription is not caused by a modification in the PlcR recognition site.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.27069-0
2004-08-01
2024-11-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/150/8/mic1502699.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.27069-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Agaisse H., Lereclus D. 1994; Expression in Bacillus subtilis of the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA toxin gene is not dependent on a sporulation-specific sigma factor and is increased in aspo0A mutant. J Bacteriol 176:4734–4741
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Agaisse H., Lereclus D. 1996; STAB-SD: a Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the 5′ untranslated region is a determinant of mRNA stability. Mol Microbiol 20:633–643 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Agaisse H., Gominet M., Økstad O. A., Kolstø A. B., Lereclus D. 1999; PlcR is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factor gene expression in Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol Microbiol 32:1043–1053 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Agata N., Ohta M., Mori M., Isobe M. 1995a; A novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, is an emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 129:17–20
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Agata N., Ohta M., Arakawa Y., Mori M. 1995b; The bceT gene of Bacillus cereus encodes an enterotoxic protein. Microbiology 141:983–988 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Asano S. I., Nukumizu Y., Bando H., Iizuka T., Yamamoto T. 1997; Cloning of novel enterotoxin genes from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:1054–1057
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Beecher D. J., Wong A. C. 1997; Tripartite hemolysin BL from Bacillus cereus. Hemolytic analysis of component interactions and a model for its characteristic paradoxical zone phenomenon. J Biol Chem 272:233–239 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Beecher D. J., Pulido J. S., Barney N. P., Wong A. C. 1995; Extracellular virulence factors in Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis: methods and implication of involvement of hemolysin BL. Infect Immun 63:632–639
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Callegan M. C., Kane S. T., Cochran D. C., Gilmore M. S., Gominet M., Lereclus D. 2003; Relationship of PlcR-regulated factors to Bacillus endophthalmitis virulence. Infect Immun 71:3116–3124 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Choma C., Granum P. E. 2002; The enterotoxin T (BcET) from Bacillus cereus can probably not contribute to food poisoning. FEMS Microbiol Lett 217:115–119 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Daffonchio D., Cherif A., Borin S. 2000; Homoduplex and heteroduplex polymorphisms of the amplified ribosomal 16S-23S internal transcribed spacers describe genetic relationships in the “Bacillus cereus group”. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:5460–5468 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dower W. J., Miller J. F., Ragsdale C. W. 1988; High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res 16:6127–6145 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fedhila S., Gohar M., Slamti L., Nel P., Lereclus D. 2003; The Bacillus thuringiensis PlcR-regulated gene inhA2 is necessary, but not sufficient, for virulence. J Bacteriol 185:2820–2825 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Gohar M., Okstad O. A., Gilois N., Sanchis V., Kolsto A. B., Lereclus D. 2002; Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of the extracellular proteome of Bacillus cereus reveals the importance of the PlcR regulon. Proteomics 2:784–791 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Granum P. E. 2001; Bacillus cereus. In Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 2nd edn. pp 373–381 Edited by Doyle M., Beuchat L., Montville T. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Guinebretière M. H., Broussolle V., Nguyen-The C. 2002; Enterotoxigenic profiles of food-poisoning and food-borne Bacillus cereus strains. J Clin Microbiol 40:3053–3056 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hansen B. M., Hoiby P. E., Jensen G. B., Hendriksen N. B. 2003; The Bacillus cereus bceT enterotoxin sequence reappraised. FEMS Microbiol Lett 223:21–24 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hardy S. P., Lund T., Granum P. E. 2001; CytK toxin of Bacillus cereus forms pores in planar lipid bilayers and is cytotoxic to intestinal epithelia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 197:47–51 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Helgason E., Økstad O. A., Caugant D. A., Johansen H. A., Fouet A., Mock M., Hegna I., Kolstø A. B. 2000; Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis – one species on the basis of genetic evidence. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:2627–2630 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ivanova N., Sorokin A., Anderson I.20 other authors 2003; Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis. Nature 423:87–91 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Lereclus D., Arantes O., Chaufaux J., Lecadet M.-M. 1989; Transformation and expression of a cloned δ-endotoxin gene in Bacillus thuringiensis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 60:211–218
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Lund T., Granum P. E. 1996; Characterisation of a non-haemolytic enterotoxin complex from Bacillus cereus isolated after a foodborne outbreak. FEMS Microbiol Lett 141:151–156 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lund T., DeBuyser M.-L., Granum P. E. 2000; A new cytotoxin from Bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis. Mol Microbiol 38:254–261 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Msadek T., Kunst F., Henner D., Klier A., Rapoport G., Dedonder R. 1990; Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations indegS and degU. J Bacteriol 172:824–834
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Nakamura L. K. 1998; Bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:1031–1035 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Økstad O. A., Gominet M., Purnelle B., Rose M., Lereclus D., Kolstø A. B. 1999; Sequence analysis of three Bacillus cereus loci carrying PIcR-regulated genes encoding degradative enzymes and enterotoxin. Microbiology 145:3129–3138
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Salamitou S., Ramisse F., Bourguet D., Gilois N., Gominet M., Hernandez E., Lereclus D, Brehélin M. 2000; The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and insects. Microbiology 146:2825–2832
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.27069-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.27069-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error