1887

Abstract

Differentiation in the spore-forming bacterium is governed by the sequential activation of five sporulation-specific transcription factors. The early mother-cell-specific transcription factor, , directs the transcription of many genes that contribute to the formation of mature, dormant spores. In this study, DNA microarrays were used to identify genes belonging to the regulon. In total, 171 genes were found to be under the control of . Of these, 101 genes had not previously been described as being dependent. Disruption of some of the previously unknown genes (, , , and ) resulted in a defect in sporulation.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26413-0
2003-10-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/149/10/mic1493023.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26413-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abanes-De Mello A., Sun Y. L., Aung S., Pogliano K. 2002; A cytoskeleton-like role for the bacterial cell wall during engulfment of the Bacillus subtilis forespore. Genes Dev 16:3253–3264
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anagnostopoulos C., Spizizen J. 1961; Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 81:741–746
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Britton R. A., Eichenberger P., Gonzalez-Pastor J. E., Fawcett P., Monson R., Losick R., Grossman A. D. 2002; Genome-wide analysis of the stationary-phase sigma factor (sigma-H) regulon of Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 184:4881–4890
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Daniel R. A., Errington J. 1993; Cloning, DNA sequence, functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding dipicolinic acid synthetase required for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . J Mol Biol 232:468–483
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Eichenberger P., Jensen S. T., Conlon E. M. 8 other authors 2003; The σ E regulon and the identification of additional sporulation genes in Bacillus subtilis . J Mol Biol 327:945–972
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Errington J. 1993; Bacillus subtilis sporulation: regulation of gene expression and control of morphogenesis. Microbiol Rev 57:1–33
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Errington J., Mandelstam J. 1983; Variety of sporulation phenotypes resulting from mutations in a single regulatory locus, spoIIA , in Bacillus subtilis . J Gen Microbiol 129:2091–2101
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Errington J., Mandelstam J. 1986; Use of a lacZ gene fusion to determine the dependence pattern and the spore compartment expression of sporulation operon spoVA in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis . J Gen Microbiol 132:2977–2985
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Errington J., Foulger D., Illing N., Partridge S. R., Stevens C. M. 1990; Regulation of differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . In Genetics and Biotechnology of Bacilli pp  257–267 Edited by Zukowski M. M., Ganesan A. T., Hoch J. A. San Diego: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fawcett P., Eichenberger P., Losick R., Youngman P. 2000; The transcriptional profile of early to middle sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:8063–8068
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Foulger D., Errington J. 1989; The role of the sporulation gene spoIIIE in the regulation of prespore-specific gene expression in Bacillus subtilis . Mol Microbiol 3:1247–1255
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Foulger D., Parker G. F., Errington J. 1995; Medium-dependent sporulation resulting from a mutation in the spoIIAB gene of Bacillus subtilis . Microbiology 141:1763–1769
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Frandsen N., Stragier P. 1995; Identification and characterization of the Bacillus spoIIP locus. J Bacteriol 177:716–722
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Fukushima T., Yamamoto H., Atrih A., Foster S. J., Sekiguchi J. 2002; A polysaccharide deacetylase gene ( pdaA ) is required for germination and for production of muramic delta-lactam residues in the spore cortex of Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 184:6007–6015
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Haldenwang W. G. 1995; The sigma factors of Bacillus subtilis . Microbiol Rev 59:1–30
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Illing N. 1990 The control of differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis DPhil thesis University of Oxford;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Itaya M., Kondo K., Tanaka T. 1989; A neomycin resistance gene cassette selectable in a single copy state in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Nucleic Acids Res 17:4410
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jenkinson H. F. 1983; Altered arrangement of proteins in the spore coat of a germination mutant of Bacillus subtilis . J Gen Microbiol 129:1945–1958
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Jonas R. M., Weaver E. A., Kenney T. J., Moran C. P. Jr, Haldenwang W. G. 1988; The Bacillus subtilis spoIIG operon encodes both σ E and a gene necessary for σ E activation. J Bacteriol 170:507–511
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Karow M. L., Glaser P., Piggot P. J. 1995; Identification of a gene, spoIIR , that links the activation of σ E to the transcriptional activity of σ F during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:2012–2016
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kenney T. J., Moran C. P. Jr 1987; Organization and regulation of an operon that encodes a sporulation-essential sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 169:3329–3339
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kroos L., Yu Y. T. 2000; Regulation of sigma factor activity during Bacillus subtilis development. Curr Opin Microbiol 3:553–560
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kunkel B., Kroos L., Poth H., Youngman P., Losick R. 1989; Temporal and spatial control of the mother-cell regulatory gene spoIIID of Bacillus subtilis . Genes Dev 3:1735–1744
    [Google Scholar]
  24. LaBell T. L., Trempy J. E., Haldenwang W. G. 1987; Sporulation-specific sigma factor σ 29 of Bacillus subtilis is synthesized from a precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:1784–1788
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lewis P. J., Marston A. L. 1999; GFP vectors for controlled expression and dual labelling of protein fusions in Bacillus subtilis . Gene 227:101–110
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Londono-Vallejo J. A., Stragier P. 1995; Cell-cell signaling pathway activating a developmental transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis . Genes Dev 9:503–508
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Molle V., Nakaura Y., Shivers R. P., Yamaguchi H., Losick R., Fujita Y., Sonenshein A. L. 2003; Additional targets of the Bacillus subtilis global regulator CodY identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome-wide transcript analysis. J Bacteriol 185:1911–1922
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Partridge S. R., Errington J. 1993; The importance of morphological events and intercellular interactions in the regulation of prespore-specific gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . Mol Microbiol 8:945–955
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Perez A. R., Abanes-De Mello A., Pogliano K. 2000; SpoIIB localizes to active sites of septal biogenesis and spatially regulates septal thinning during engulfment in Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 182:1096–1108
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Piggot P. J., Losick R. 2002 Sporulation genes and intercompartmental regulation. In Bacillus Subtilis and its Relatives: from Genes to Cells pp  483–517 Edited by Sonenshein A. L., Hoch J. A., Losick R. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Price C. W., Fawcett P., Ceremonie H., Su N., Murphy C. K., Youngman P. 2001; Genome-wide analysis of the general stress response in Bacillus subtilis . Mol Microbiol 41:757–774
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Satola S., Kirchman P. A., Moran C. P. Jr 1991; Spo0A binds to a promoter used by σ A RNA polymerase during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:4533–4537
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Smith K., Bayer M. E., Youngman P. 1993; Physical and functional characterization of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIM gene. J Bacteriol 175:3607–3617
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sterlini J. M., Mandelstam J. 1969; Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance. Biochem J 113:29–37
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Stevens C. M., Errington J. 1990; Differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis : structure and regulation of the spoIIID gene. Mol Microbiol 4:543–552
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Stragier P., Bonamy C., Karmazyn-Campelli C. 1988; Processing of a sporulation sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis : how morphological structure could control gene expression. Cell 52:697–704
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sun Y. L., Sharp M. D., Pogliano K. 2000; A dispensable role for forespore-specific gene expression in engulfment of the forespore during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . J Bacteriol 182:2919–2927
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Takamatsu H., Kodama T., Imamura A., Asai K., Kobayashi K., Nakayama T., Ogasawara N., Watabe K. 2000; The Bacillus subtilis yabG gene is transcribed by SigK RNA polymerase during sporulation, and yabG mutant spores have altered coat protein composition. J Bacteriol 182:1883–1888
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Vagner V., Dervyn E., Ehrlich S. D. 1998; A vector for systematic gene inactivation in Bacillus subtilis . Microbiology 144:3097–3104
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Wu L. J., Errington J. 1994; Bacillus subtilis spoIIIE protein required for DNA segregation during asymmetric cell division. Science 264:572–575
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Zhang J., Ichikawa H., Halberg R., Kroos L., Aronson A. I. 1994; Regulation of the transcription of a cluster of Bacillus subtilis spore coat genes. J Mol Biol 240:405–415
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26413-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26413-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error