1887

Abstract

The genetic organization and sequences of the group II capsule gene cluster of PPD134/91 have been determined previously. The purified capsular polysaccharides can increase the ability of avirulent strain PPD35/85 to survive in naive tilapia serum but have no inhibitory effect on the adhesion of PPD134/91 to carp epithelial cells. In this study, the presence of group II capsules among 33 randomly chosen strains was examined by electron microscopy and genetic analysis. Ten strains were found to produce group II capsules. A PCR detection system was developed to identify two types of group II capsules (IIA and IIB) based on their genetic organization in the region II gene clusters. Group IIA capsules in the authors' collection of strains are mainly found in the O : 18 and O : 34 serogroups, while group IIB capsules are found in the O : 21 and O : 27 serogroups. The presence of group II capsules in strongly correlates with the serum and phagocyte survival abilities (seven out of ten strains). The results indicate that the authors' PCR detection system can constitute a reliable assay for the classification of group II capsules in .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26144-0
2003-04-01
2024-12-01
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/149/4/mic1491051.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26144-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Almiron-Roig E., Mulholland F., Gasson M. J., Griffin A. M. 2000; The complete cps gene cluster from Streptococcus thermophilus NCFB 2393 involved in the biosynthesis of a new exopolysaccharide. Microbiology 146:2793–2802
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Becker A., Ruberg S., Kuster H., Roxlau A. A., Keller M., Ivashina T., Cheng H. P., Walker G. C., Puhler A. 1997; The 32-kilobase exp gene cluster of Rhizobium meliloti directing the biosynthesis of galactoglucan: genetic organization and properties of the encoded gene products. J Bacteriol 179:1375–1384
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bhasin N., Albus A., Michon F., Livolsi P. J., Park J. S., Lee J. C. 1998; Identification of a gene essential for O -acetylation of the Staphylococcus aureus type 5 capsular polysaccharide. Mol Microbiol 27:9–21
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Boyce J. D., Adler B. 2000; The capsule is a virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B : 2. Infect Immun 68:3463–3468
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Frasa H., Procee J., Torensma R., Verbruggen A., Algra A., Rozenberg-Arska M., Kraaijeveld K., Verhoef J. 1993; Escherichia coli in bacteremia: O -acetylated K1 strains appear to be more virulent than non-O-acetylated K1 strains. J Clin Microbiol 12:3174–3178
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Frey P. A. 1996; The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. FASEB J 10:461–470
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Genevaux P., Bauda P., DuBow M. S., Oudega B. 1999; Identification of Tn 10 insertions in the rfaG, rfaP , and galU genes involved in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis that affect Escherichia coli adhesion. Arch Microbiol 172:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Germond J. E., Delley M., D'Amico N., Vincent S. J. F. 2001; Heterologous expression and characterization of the exopolysaccharide from Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi39. Eur J Biochem 268:5149–5156
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kadioglu A., Taylor S., Iannelli F., Pozzi G., Mitchell T. J., Andrew P. W. 2002; Upper and lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae is affected by pneumolysin deficiency and differences in capsule type. Infect Immun 70:2886–2890
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kim K. S., Itabashi H., Gemski P., Sadoff J., Warren R. L., Cross A. S. 1992; The K1 capsule is the critical determinant in the development of Escherichia coli meningitis in the rat. J Clin Invest 90:897–905
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lamothe G. T., Jolly L., Mollet B., Stingele F. 2002; Genetic and biochemical characterization of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus . Arch Microbiol 178:218–228
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Leung K. Y., Yeap I. V., Lam T. J., Sin Y. M. 1995; Serum resistance as a good indicator for virulence in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish in South-East Asia. J Fish Dis 18:511–518
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lo R. Y., McKerral L. J., Hills T. L., Kostrzynska M. 2001; Analysis of the capsule biosynthetic locus of Mannheimia ( Pasteurella ) haemolytica A1 and proposal of a nomenclature system. Infect Immun 69:4458–4464
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Magarinos B., Bonet R., Romalde J. L., Martinez M. J., Congregado F., Toranzo A. E. 1996; Influence of the capsular layer on the virulence of Pasteurella piscicida for fish. Microb Pathog 21:289–297
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Martinez M. J., Simon-Pujol D., Congregado F., Merino S., Rubires X., Tomas J. M. 1995; The presence of capsular polysaccharide in mesophilic Aeromonas hydrophila serotypes O : 11 and O : 34. FEMS Microbiol Lett 128:69–74
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mollerach M., Lopez R., Garcia E. 1998; Characterization of the galU gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae encoding a uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase: a gene essential for capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. J Exp Med 188:2047–2056
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Moxon E. R., Kroll J. S. 1990; The role of bacterial polysaccharide capsules as virulence factors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 150:65–85
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mustaftschiev S., Vasse J., Truchet G. 1982; Exostructures of Rhizobium meliloti . FEMS Microbiol Lett 13:171–175
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Nesper J., Kraiss A., Schild S., Blass J., Klose K. E., Bockemuhl J., Reidl J. 2002; Comparative and genetic analyses of the putative Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide biosynthesis ( wav ) gene cluster. Infect Immun 70:2419–2433
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Roberts I. S. 1996; The biochemistry and genetics of capsular polysaccharide production in bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 50:285–315
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Roberts I. S., Mountford R., Hodge R., Jann K. B., Boulnois G. J. 1988; Common organization of gene clusters for production of different capsular polysaccharides (K antigens) in Escherichia coli . J Bacteriol 170:1305–1310
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Russo T. A., Liang Y., Cross A. S. 1994; The presence of K54 capsular polysaccharide increases the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in vivo. J Infect Dis 169:112–118
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sakazaki R., Shimada T. 1984; O-serogrouping scheme for mesophilic Aeromonas strains. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 37:247–255
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Srinivasa Rao P. S., Lim T. M., Leung K. Y. 2001; Opsonized virulent Edwardsiella tarda strains are able to adhere to and survive and replicate within fish phagocytes but fail to stimulate reactive oxygen intermediates. Infect Immun 69:5689–5697
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Swartley J. S., Liu L. J., Miller K. Y., Martin L. E., Edupuganti S., Stephens D. S. 1998; Characterization of the gene cassette required for biosysthesis of the ( α 1→6)-linked N -acetyl-d-mannosamine-1-phosphate capsule of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis . J Bacteriol 180:1533–1539
    [Google Scholar]
  26. van Kranenburg R., van Swam I. I., Marugg J. D., Kleerebezem M., de Vos W. M. 1999; Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis NIZO B40: functional analysis of the glycosyltransferase genes involved in synthesis of the polysaccharide backbone. J Bacteriol 181:338–340
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Whitfield C., Roberts I. S. 1999; Structure, assembly and regulation of expression of capsules in Escherichia coli . Mol Microbiol 31:1307–1319
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Zhang Y. L., Ong C. T., Leung K. Y. 2000; Molecular analysis of genetic differences between virulent and avirulent strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased fish. Microbiology 146:999–1009
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Zhang Y. L., Arakawa E., Leung K. Y. 2002; Novel Aeromonas hydrophila PPD134/91 genes involved in O-antigen and capsule biosynthesis. Infect Immun 70:2326–2335
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26144-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26144-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error