1887

Abstract

The common soil fungus (teleomorph , Ascomycota) shows increasing medical importance as an opportunistic human pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. Regardless of the disease type and the therapy used, the prognosis for infection is usually poor. has been identified as the causal agent in the majority of reported mycoses. As is very common in environmental samples from all over the world, the relationship between its clinical and wild strains remains unclear. Here we performed a multilocus (ITS1 and 2, , and ) phylogenetic analysis of all available clinical isolates (15) and 36 wild-type strains of the fungus including several cultures of its putative teleomorph . The concordance of gene genealogies recognized and to be different phylogenetic species, which are reproductively isolated from each other. The majority of clinical strains (12) were attributed to but three isolates belonged to , which broadens the phylogenetic span of human opportunists in the genus. Despite their genetic isolation, and were shown to be cosmopolitan sympatric species with no bias towards certain geographical locations. The analysis of haplotype association, incongruence of tree topologies and the split decomposition method supported the conclusion that is sexually recombining whereas strict clonality prevails in . This is a rare case of occurrence of sexual reproduction in opportunistic pathogenic fungi. The discovery of the different reproduction strategies in these two closely related species is medically relevant because it is likely that they would also differ in virulence and/or drug resistance. Genetic identity of environmental and clinical isolates of and suggests the danger of nosocomial infections by and highlights the need for ecological studies of spore dispersal as source of invasive human mycoses.

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2008-11-01
2024-03-28
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