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Volume 154, Issue 10

Multidrug efflux pump overexpression in after single and multiple exposures to biocides and dyes Free

Abstract

Biocides and dyes are commonly employed in hospital and laboratory settings. Many of these agents are substrates for multiple-drug resistance (MDR)-conferring efflux pumps of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Several such pumps have been identified in , and mutants overexpressing the NorA and MepA MDR pumps following exposure to fluoroquinolones have been identified. The effect of exposure to low concentrations of biocides and dyes on the expression of specific pump genes has not been evaluated. Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR we found that exposure of clinical isolates to low concentrations of a variety of biocides and dyes in a single step, or to gradually increasing concentrations over several days, resulted in the appearance of mutants overexpressing , , and , with overexpression predominating. Overexpression was frequently associated with promoter-region or regulatory protein mutations. Mutants having significant increases in MICs of common pump substrates but no changes in expression of studied pump genes were also observed; in these cases changes in expression of as-yet-unidentified MDR pump genes may have occurred. Strains of that exist in relatively protected environments and are repeatedly exposed to sublethal concentrations of biocides can develop efflux-related resistance to those agents, and acquisition of such strains poses a threat to patients treated with antimicrobial agents that are also substrates for those pumps, such as ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.

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Keyword(s): AF, acriflavine , BAC, benzalkonium chloride , CET, cetrimide , CHX, chlorhexidine , CV, crystal violet , DEQ, dequalinium , EB, ethidium bromide , MDR, multiple-drug resistance , MFS, major facilitator , MUG, 4-methylumbelliferyl β-d-galactopyranoside , NOR, norfloxacin , PENT, pentamidine , PY, pyronin Y , qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse-transcription-PCR , RD, rhodamine 6G and TPP, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide
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2008-10-01
2024-04-24
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Multidrug efflux pump overexpression in Staphylococcus aureus after single and multiple in vitro exposures to biocides and dyes
Microbiology 154, 3144 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2008/021188-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2008/021188-0
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