1887

Abstract

is a Gram-negative bacterium, and the causative agent of bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. Because of its potential use as a biological warfare weapon, the plague bacterium has been placed on the list of category A select agents. The dynamics of pneumonic infection following aerosolization of the highly virulent CO92 strain have been poorly studied; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the LD dose, bacterial dissemination, cytokine/chemokine production and tissue damage in Swiss-Webster mice over a 72 h course of infection. We exposed mice in a whole-body Madison chamber to various doses of CO92 aerosolized by a Collison nebulizer, and determined that the LD presented dose (Dp) of the bacterium in the lungs was 2.1×10 c.f.u. In a subsequent study, we infected mice at a Dp of 1.3×10 c.f.u., and harvested organs and blood at 1, 24, 48 and 72 h post-infection. Histopathological examination, in addition to measurement of bacterial dissemination and cytokine/chemokine analysis, indicated progressive tissue injury, and an increased number of animals succumbing to infection over the course of the experiment. Using these data, we were able to characterize the mouse plague model following aerosolization of CO92.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2008/017335-0
2008-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/154/7/1939.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2008/017335-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anderson G. W. Jr, Leary S. E., Williamson E. D., Titball R. W., Welkos S. L., Worsham P. L., Friedlander A. M. 1996; Recombinant V antigen protects mice against pneumonic and bubonic plague caused by F1-capsule-positive and -negative strains of Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun 64:4580–4585
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrews G. P., Heath D. G., Anderson G. W. Jr, Welkos S. L., Friedlander A. M. 1996; Fraction 1 capsular antigen (F1) purification from Yersinia pestis CO92 and from an Escherichia coli recombinant strain and efficacy against lethal plague challenge. Infect Immun 64:2180–2187
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bubeck S. S., Cantwell A. M., Dube P. H. 2007; Delayed inflammatory response to primary pneumonic plague occurs in both outbred and inbred mice. Infect Immun 75:697–705
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cathelyn J. S., Crosby S. D., Lathem W. W., Goldman W. E., Miller V. L. 2006; RovA, a global regulator of Yersinia pestis, specifically required for bubonic plague. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:13514–13519
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Doll J. M., Zeitz P. S., Ettestad P., Bucholtz A. L., Davis T., Gage K. 1994; Cat-transmitted fatal pneumonic plague in a person who traveled from Colorado to Arizona. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51:109–114
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Glynn A., Roy C. J., Powell B. S., Adamovicz J. J., Freytag L. C., Clements J. D. 2005; Protection against aerosolized Yersinia pestis challenge following homologous and heterologous prime-boost with recombinant plague antigens. Infect Immun 73:5256–5261
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gradon J. D. 2002; Plague pneumonia. Curr Infect Dis Rep 4:244–248
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Guyton A. C. 1947; Measurement of the respiratory volumes of laboratory animals. Am J Physiol 150:70–77
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Heath D. G., Anderson G. W. Jr, Mauro J. M., Welkos S. L., Andrews G. P., Adamovicz J., Friedlander A. M. 1998; Protection against experimental bubonic and pneumonic plague by a recombinant capsular F1-V antigen fusion protein vaccine. Vaccine 16:1131–1137
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hill J., Eyles J. E., Elvin S. J., Healey G. D., Lukaszewski R. A., Titball R. W. 2006; Administration of antibody to the lung protects mice against pneumonic plague. Infect Immun 74:3068–3070
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Inglesby T. V., Dennis D. T., Henderson D. A., Bartlett J. G., Ascher M. S., Eitzen E., Fine A. D., Friedlander A. M., Hauer J. other authors 2000; Plague as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA 283:2281–2290
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Jones T., Adamovicz J. J., Cyr S. L., Bolt C. R., Bellerose N., Pitt L. M., Lowell G. H., Burt D. S. 2006; Intranasal protollin/F1-V vaccine elicits respiratory and serum antibody responses and protects mice against lethal aerosolized plague infection. Vaccine 24:1625–1632
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Krishna G., Chitkara R. K. 2003; Pneumonic plague. Semin Respir Infect 18:159–167
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lathem W. W., Crosby S. D., Miller V. L., Goldman W. E. 2005; Progression of primary pneumonic plague: a mouse model of infection, pathology, and bacterial transcriptional activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:17786–17791
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lathem W. W., Price P. A., Miller V. L., Goldman W. E. 2007; A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague. Science 315:509–513
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Perry R. D., Fetherston J. D. 1997; Yersinia pestis – etiologic agent of plague. Clin Microbiol Rev 10:35–66
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Peterson J. W., Comer J. E., Baze W. B., Noffsinger D. M., Wenglikowski A., Walberg K. G., Hardcastle J., Pawlik J., Bush K. other authors 2007; Human monoclonal antibody AVP-21D9 to protective antigen reduces dissemination of the Bacillus anthracis Ames strain from the lungs in a rabbit model. Infect Immun 75:3414–3424
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Riedel S. 2005; Plague: from natural disease to bioterrorism. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 18:116–124
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Roy C. J., Pitt M. L. M. 2005 Infectious Disease Aerobiology: Aerosol Challenge Methods Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;
  20. Sha J., Agar S. L., Baze W. B., Olano J. P., Fadl A. A., Erova T. E., Wang S., Foltz S. M., Suarez G. other authors 2008; Braun lipoprotein (Lpp) contributes to the virulence of yersiniae: potential role of Lpp in inducing bubonic and pneumonic plague. Infect Immun 76:1390–1409
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Smith P. N. 1959; Pneumonic plague in mice: gross and histopathology in untreated and passively immunized animals. J Infect Dis 104:78–84
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Smith P. N., McCamish J., Seely J., Cooke G. M. 1957; The development of pneumonic plague in mice and the effect of paralysis of respiratory cilia upon the course of infection. J Infect Dis 100:215–222
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Williamson E. D., Stagg A. J., Eley S. M., Taylor R., Green M., Jones S. M., Titball R. W. 2007; Kinetics of the immune response to the (F1 + V) vaccine in models of bubonic and pneumonic plague. Vaccine 25:1142
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2008/017335-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2008/017335-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error