1887

Abstract

Polyamines are important regulators of growth and differentiation in a variety of cells, including parasitic protozoa. Promastigotes of species have high levels of putrescine and spermidine and their growth can be inhibited by polyamine biosynthesis antagonists. The putrescine analogue 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (DAB) is microbicidal against and , so we tested its effects on proliferation, viability, organization, putrescine transport and synthesis as well as infectivity. DAB impaired promastigote proliferation dose-dependently (IC 144 μM) and the parasite putrescine concentration was reduced by nearly 50 %. This analogue markedly inhibited both ornithine decarboxylase activity and [H]putrescine uptake by promastigotes. Pre-treatment with DAB for 24 h led to compensatory enhancement of putrescine uptake, indicating an adaptive mechanism in DAB-treated parasites. Remarkably, DAB caused mitochondrial damage, assessed by transmission electron microscopy, and 3 h treatment with 1 mM DAB enhanced lipid peroxidation, whereas incubation with 10 mM DAB or for 24 h resulted in decreased peroxidation levels in the parasites. This effect was probably due to the loss of mitochondrial function, demonstrated by the diminished reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), not observed in macrophages. Murine macrophages infected with . amastigotes treated with DAB had parasite loads significantly (<0.05) lower than controls, presumably due to interference with putrescine uptake and/or synthesis. These results suggest that putrescine may be involved in leishmanial survival, possibly by maintaining the parasite's mitochondrial function. The use of analogues to interfere with polyamine/diamine synthesis and transport may shed light on its function in intracellular parasite survival and lead to identification of new targets for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.

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2008-10-01
2024-03-28
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