Membrane–cytosolic translocation of verotoxin A subunit in target cells Free

Abstract

In sensitive cells, verotoxin 1 (VT1) utilizes a globotriaosylceramide receptor-dependent retrograde transport pathway from the cell surface to the Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The VT1 A subunit (VTA) is an RNA glycanase. Although translocation of VTA from the ER to the cytosol is considered the route for protein synthesis inhibition, cell-based evidence is lacking. A dual-fluorescent-labelled VT1 holotoxin was constructed to simultaneously monitor VTA and VT1 B subunit (VTB) intracellular transport. By confocal microscopy, VTA/VTB subunits remained associated throughout the retrograde transport pathway without cytosolic staining. However, in [I]VT1-treated cells, the selective cytosolic translocation (4 %) of the activated form of VTA, VTA, was demonstrated for the first time by monitoring [I]VTA release after plasma membrane permeabilization by streptolysin O (SLO). Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, increased cytosolic VTA and enhanced VT1 cytotoxicity. VT1 ER arrival coincided with cytosolic VTA detection. Brefeldin A and 16 °C, conditions which inhibit VT1 retrograde transport to the Golgi/ER, prevented VTA cytosolic translocation; however, these treatments did not completely prevent VT1-induced protein synthesis inhibition. Thus, efficient cytosolic translocation of VTA requires transport to the Golgi/ER, but alternative minor escape pathways for protein synthesis inhibition may operate when transport to the Golgi/ER is prevented. Inhibition of protein synthesis was time and dose dependent, and not necessarily a valid index of subsequent cytopathology. Only protein synthesis inhibition following >3 h VT1 exposure correlated with eventual cell cytotoxicity. Extrapolation of translocated cytosolic VTA values indicates that about one molecule of translocated VTA per cell is sufficient to inhibit protein synthesis and kill a cell.

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2007-08-01
2024-03-28
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