1887

Abstract

Regulators of the G protein signalling (RGS) pathway have been implicated in the control of a diverse array of cellular functions, including conidiation in filamentous fungi. However, the regulatory processes involved in conidiation in insect-pathogenic fungi are poorly understood. Since conidia are the infective propagules in these fungi, an understanding of the regulatory processes involved in conidiation is essential to the development of an effective biocontrol fungus. Here, the cloning and characterization of an RGS protein gene, (conidiation-associated gene), from the insect-pathogenic fungus is reported. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CAG8 was orthologous to the RGS protein FlbA from . Complementation of Δ, which cannot conidiate, with restored conidiation. Gene disruption of in resulted in the lack of conidia on agar plates and on infected insects, reduced mycelial growth, decreased virulence, lysis during growth in liquid medium as well as lack of pigmentation and irregularly shaped blastospores. Transcript levels of (hydrophobin-encoding gene) were markedly reduced in a Δ strain, while (subtilisin-like protease) transcription was unaffected. These results suggest that is involved in the modulation of conidiation, virulence and hydrophobin synthesis in .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002105-0
2007-04-01
2024-04-23
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/153/4/1017.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002105-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ballance D. J., Turner G. 1985; Development of a high-frequency transforming vector for Aspergillus nidulans . Gene 36:321–331 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ballance D. J., Buxton F. P., Turner G. 1983; Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans by the orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase gene of Neurospora crassa . Biochem Biophys Res Commum 112:284–289 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bidochka M. J., De Koning J., St Leger R. J. 2001; Analysis of a genomic clone of hydrophobin ( ssgA ) from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . Mycol Res 105:360–364 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bogo M. R., Rota C. A., Correa C. T. H. M., Ainstein H. M., Schrank A., Ocampos M. Jr 1998; A chitinase encoding gene ( chit1 gene) from the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae : isolation and characterization of genomic and full-length cDNA. Curr Microbiol 37:221–225 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bölker M. 1998; Sex and crime: heterotrimeric G proteins in fungal mating and pathogenesis. Fungal Genet Biol 25:143–156 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Borkovich K. A., Alex A. L., Yarden O., Freitag M., Turner G. E., Read N. D., Seiler S., Bell-Pedersen D., Paietta J. other authors 2004; Lessons from the genome sequence of Neurospora crassa : tracing the path from genomic blueprint to multicellular organism. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68:1–108 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Boucias D. G., Pendland J. C., Latge J. P. 1988; Non-specific factors involved in the attachment of entomopathogenic deuteromycetes to host insect cuticle. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1795–1805
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Burchett S. A., Flanary P., Aston C., Jiang L., Young K. H., Uetz P. S., Fields S., Dohlman H. G. 2002; Regulation of stress response signaling by the N-terminal disheveled/EGL-10/pleckstrin domain of Sst2, a regulator of G protein signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . J Biol Chem 277:22156–22167 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dohlman H. G., Song J., Ma D., Courchesne W. E., Thorner J. 1996; Sst2, a negative regulator of pheromone signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : expression, localization, and genetic interaction and physical association with Gpa1 (the G-protein alpha subunit). Mol Cell Biol 16:5194–5209
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fang W., Bidochka M. J. 2006; Expression of genes involved in germination, conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in Metarhizium anisopliae by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Mycol Res 110:1165–1171 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Fang W., Leng B., Xiao Y., Jin K., Ma J., Fan Y., Feng J., Yang X., Pei Y. 2005; Cloning of Beauveria bassiana chitinase gene Bbchit1 and its application to improve fungal strain virulence. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:363–370 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fang W., Pei Y., Bidochka M. J. 2006; Transformation of Metarhizium anisopliae mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens . Can J Microbiol 52:623–626 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fowler T. J., Mitton M. F. 2000; Scooter, a new active transposon in Schizophyllum commune , has disrupted two genes regulating signal transduction. Genetics 156:1585–1594
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamm H. E. 1998; The many faces of G protein signaling. J Biol Chem 273:669–672 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Han K. H., Seo J. A., Yu J. H. 2004; Regulators of G-protein signaling in Aspergillus nidulans : RgsA downregulates stress response and stimulates asexual sporulation through attenuation of GanB (G α ) signaling. Mol Microbiol 53:529–540 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hu G., St Leger R. J. 2002; Field studies using a recombinant mycoinsecticide ( Metarhizium anisopliae ) reveal that it is rhizosphere competent. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:6383–6387 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Joshi L., St Leger R. J. 1999; Cloning, expression and substrate specificity of MeCPA; a zinc carboxypeptidase that is secreted into infected tissues by the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae . J Biol Chem 274:9803–9811 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lafon A., Han K. H., Seo J. H., Yu J. H., d'Enfert C. 2006; G-protein and cAMP-mediated signaling in aspergilli: a genomic perspective. Fungal Genet Biol 43:490–502 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lee B. N., Adams T. H. 1994; Overexpression of flbA , an early regulator of Aspergillus asexual sporulation, leads to activation of brlA and premature initiation of development. Mol Microbiol 14:323–334 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Lengeler K. B., Davidson R. C., D'Souza C., Harashima T., Shen W., Wang P., Pan X., Waugh M., Heitman J. 2000; Signal transduction cascades regulating fungal development and virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64:746–785 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Martemyanov K. A., Lishko P. V., Calero N., Keresztes G., Sokolov M., Strissel K. J., Leskov I. B., Hopp J. A., Kolesnikov V. other authors 2003; The DEP domain determines subcellular targeting of the GTPase activating protein RGS9 in vivo . J Neurosci 23:10175–10181
    [Google Scholar]
  22. McCluskey K. 2003; The Fungal Genetics Stock Center: from molds to molecules. Adv Appl Microbiol 52:245–262
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ponting C. P., Bork P. 1996; Pleckstrin's repeat performance: a novel domain in G-protein signaling?. Trend Biochem Sci 21:245–246 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rosen S., Yu J. H., Adams T. H. 1999; The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein β subunit that is required for normal growth and repression of sporulation. EMBO J 18:5592–5600 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ross E. M., Wilkie T. M. 2000; GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 69:795–827 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Screen S. E., Bailey A., Charnley A. K., Cooper R., Clarkson J. 1998; Isolation of a nitrogen response regulator gene ( nrr1 ) from Metarhizium anisopliae . Gene 221:17–24 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Screen S. E., Hu G., St Leger R. J. 2001; Transformants of Metarhizium anisopliae sf. anisopliae overexpressing chitinase from Metarhizium anisopliae sf. acridum show early induction of native chitinase but are not altered in pathogenicity to Manduca sexta . J Invertebr Pathol 78:260–266 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Segers G. C., Regier J. C., Nuss D. L. 2004; Evidence for a role of the regulator of G-protein signaling protein CPRGS-1 in G α subunit CPG-1-mediated regulation of fungal virulence, conidiation and hydrophobin synthesis in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica . Eukaryot Cell 3:1454–1463 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Siderius M., Mager W. H. 1997; General stress response: in search of a common denominator. In Yeast Stress Response pp 213–230 Edited by Hohmam S., Mager W. H. Berlin: Springer;
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Spear R. N., Cullen D., Andrews J. H. 1999; Fluorescent label, confocal microscopy, and quantitative image analysis in study of fungal biology. Methods Enzymol 307:607–623
    [Google Scholar]
  31. St Leger R. J. 1993; Biology and mechanisms of insect-cuticle invasion by deuteromycetous fungal pathogen. In Parasites and Pathogens of Insects vol. 2 pp 211–229 Edited by Beckage N. C., Thompson S. N., Federici B. A. New York/London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  32. St Leger R. J., Frank D. C., Roberts D. W., Staples R. C. 1992; Molecular cloning and regulatory analysis of the cuticle-degrading protease structural gene from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . Eur J Biochem 204:991–1001 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. St Leger R. J., Joshi L., Bidochka M. J., Roberts D. W. 1996; Construction of an improved mycoinsecticide overexpressing a toxic protease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:6349–6354 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Wang P., Cutler J., King J., Palmer D. 2004; Mutation of the regulator of G protein signaling Crg1 increases virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans . Eukaryot Cell 3:1028–1035 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Yu J. H., Wieser J., Adams T. H. 1996; The Aspergillus nidulans FlbA RGS domain protein antagonizes G protein signaling to block proliferation and allow development. EMBO J 15:5184–5190
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002105-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/002105-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error