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Sulfur makes up 1 % of the dry mass of bacteria, and it is an abundant element (0.1 %) on earth. Sulfur in the environment is, however, mostly in oxidized forms and inaccessible to living organisms. At present, the entire assimilation pathway of external sulfur to sulfur-containing biomolecules and its regulation in Escherichia coli remain poorly understood, except for the metabolic pathway of cysteine synthesis, the first-step metabolite of sulfur assembly. During the search for regulation targets of uncharacterized transcription factors by Genomic SELEX screening, we found that the hitherto uncharacterized YdcN regulates a set of genes involved in the utilization of sulfur, including the generation of sulfate and its reduction, the synthesis of cysteine, the synthesis of enzymes containing Fe–S as cofactors, and the modification of tRNA with use of sulfur-containing substrates. Taking these findings together, we propose renaming YdcN as SutR (regulator of sulfur utilization).
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