The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) is required by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for O-antigen production, resistance to antimicrobial peptides and in vivo fitness

References

1. Adhya S., Schwartz M. 1971; Phosphoglucomutase mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 108:621–626
   [Google Scholar]
2. Banemann A., Deppisch H., Gross R. 1998; The lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella bronchiseptica acts as a protective shield against antimicrobial peptides. Infect Immun 66:5607–5612
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bizzini A., Majcherczyk P., Beggah-Moller S., Soldo B., Entenza J. M., Gaillard M., Moreillon P., Lazarevic V. 2007; Effects of alpha-phosphoglucomutase deficiency on cell wall properties and fitness in Streptococcus gordonii . Microbiology 153:490–498
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bjur E., Eriksson-Ygberg S., Rhen M. 2006; The O-antigen affects replication of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in murine macrophage-like J774-A.1 cells through modulation of host cell nitric oxide production. Microbes Infect 8:1826–1838
   [Google Scholar]
5. Buchanan J. T., Stannard J. A., Lauth X., Ostland V. E., Powell H. C., Westerman M. E., Nizet V. 2005; Streptococcus iniae phosphoglucomutase is a virulence factor and a target for vaccine development. Infect Immun 73:6935–6944
   [Google Scholar]
6. Bullas L. R., Ryu J. I. 1983; Salmonella typhimurium LT2 strains which are r− m+ for all three chromosomally located systems of DNA restriction and modification. J Bacteriol 156:471–474
   [Google Scholar]
7. Canovas D., Fletcher S. A., Hayashi M., Csonka L. N. 2001; Role of trehalose in growth at high temperature of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. J Bacteriol 183:3365–3371
   [Google Scholar]
8. Crump J. A., Luby S. P., Mintz E. D. 2004; The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 82:346–353
   [Google Scholar]
9. Ernst R. K., Guina T., Miller S. I. 2001; Salmonella typhimurium outer membrane remodeling: role in resistance to host innate immunity. Microbes Infect 3:1327–1334
   [Google Scholar]
10. Fields P. I., Groisman E. A., Heffron F. 1989; A Salmonella locus that controls resistance to microbicidal proteins from phagocytic cells. Science 243:1059–1062
    [Google Scholar]
11. Gunn J. S. 2008; The Salmonella PmrAB regulon: lipopolysaccharide modifications, antimicrobial peptide resistance and more. Trends Microbiol 16:284–290
    [Google Scholar]
12. Hamrick T. S., Diaz A. H., Havell E. A., Horton J. R., Orndorff P. E. 2003; Influence of extracellular bactericidal agents on bacteria within macrophages. Infect Immun 71:1016–1019
    [Google Scholar]
13. Hardy G. G., Magee A. D., Ventura C. L., Caimano M. J., Yother J. 2001; Essential role for cellular phosphoglucomutase in virulence of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae . Infect Immun 69:2309–2317
    [Google Scholar]
14. Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. 1981; Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature 291:238–239
    [Google Scholar]
15. Jenssen H., Hamill P., Hancock R. E. 2006; Peptide antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 19:491–511
    [Google Scholar]
16. Kim S. H., Ahn S. H., Lee J. H., Lee E. M., Kim N. H., Park K. J., Kong I. S. 2003; Genetic analysis of phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase from Vibrio furnissii and characterization of its role in virulence. Arch Microbiol 180:240–250
    [Google Scholar]
17. Lazarevic V., Soldo B., Medico N., Pooley H., Bron S., Karamata D. 2005; Bacillus subtilis alpha-phosphoglucomutase is required for normal cell morphology and biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:39–45
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lu M., Kleckner N. 1994; Molecular cloning and characterization of the pgm gene encoding phosphoglucomutase of Escherichia coli . J Bacteriol 176:5847–5851
    [Google Scholar]
19. McKay G. A., Woods D. E., MacDonald K. L., Poole K. 2003; Role of phosphoglucomutase of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Infect Immun 71:3068–3075
    [Google Scholar]
20. Mo E., Peters S. E., Willers C., Maskell D. J., Charles I. G. 2006; Single, double and triple mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar TyphimuriumdegP ( htrA), degQ ( hhoA) and degS ( hhoB) have diverse phenotypes on exposure to elevated temperature and their growth in vivo is attenuated to different extents. Microb Pathog 41:174–182
    [Google Scholar]
21. Paterson G. K., Cone D. B., Northen H., Peters S. E., Maskell D. J. 2009; Deletion of the gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase alters morphology of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and decreases fitness in mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 294:45–51
    [Google Scholar]
22. Plant L., Sundqvist J., Zughaier S., Lovkvist L., Stephens D. S., Jonsson A. B. 2006; Lipooligosaccharide structure contributes to multiple steps in the virulence of Neisseria meningitidis . Infect Immun 74:1360–1367
    [Google Scholar]
23. Roantree R. J. 1967; Salmonella O antigens and virulence. Annu Rev Microbiol 21:443–466
    [Google Scholar]
24. Schmieger H. 1972; Phage P22-mutants with increased or decreased transduction abilities. Mol Gen Genet 119:75–88
    [Google Scholar]
25. Tsai C.-M., Frasch C. E. 1982; A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 119:115–119
    [Google Scholar]
26. Ugalde J. E., Czibener C., Feldman M. F., Ugalde R. A. 2000; Identification and characterization of the Brucella abortus phosphoglucomutase gene: role of lipopolysaccharide in virulence and intracellular multiplication. Infect Immun 68:5716–5723
    [Google Scholar]
27. Ugalde J. E., Comerci D. J., Leguizamon M. S., Ugalde R. A. 2003; Evaluation of Brucella abortus phosphoglucomutase ( pgm) mutant as a new live rough-phenotype vaccine. Infect Immun 71:6264–6269
    [Google Scholar]
28. West N. P., Jungnitz H., Fitter J. T., McArthur J. D., Guzman C. A., Walker M. J. 2000; Role of phosphoglucomutase of Bordetella bronchiseptica in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. Infect Immun 68:4673–4680
    [Google Scholar]
29. Wilson C. L., Ouellette A. J., Satchell D. P., Ayabe T., Lopez-Boado Y. S., Stratman J. L., Hultgren S. J., Matrisian L. M., Parks W. C. 1999; Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense. Science 286:113–117
    [Google Scholar]