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Volume 171, Issue 11

A comprehensive review of genomic-scale genetic engineering as a strategy to improve bacterial productivity Open Access

Abstract

Bacterial genome engineering has evolved to provide increasingly precise, robust and rapid tools, driving the development and optimization of bacterial production of numerous compounds. The field has progressed from early random mutagenesis methods, labour-intensive and inefficient, to rational and multiplexed strategies enabled by advances in genomics and synthetic biology. Among these tools, CRISPR/Cas has stood out for its versatility and its ability to achieve precision levels ranging from 50% to 90%, compared to the 10–40% obtained with earlier techniques, thereby enabling remarkable improvements in bacterial productivity. Nevertheless, like its predecessors, it still demands continuous refinement to reach full maturity. In this context, the present review addresses the lack of a unified overview by summarizing historical milestones and practical applications of genomic engineering tools in bacteria. It integrates diverse approaches to provide a comprehensive perspective on the evolution and prospects of these fundamental biotechnological tools.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): CRISPR/Cas systems , genome editing , genomic tools and high-value metabolites , metabolic engineering and synthetic biology
© 2025 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2025-11-15

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A comprehensive review of genomic-scale genetic engineering as a strategy to improve bacterial productivity
Microbiology 171, 001628 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001628
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001628
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001628
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