1887

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Volume 168, Issue 5

The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system and its effectors Open Access

This article is part of the Bacterial Cell Envelopes collection.

Abstract

To prevail in the interaction with eukaryotic hosts, many bacterial pathogens use protein secretion systems to release virulence factors at the host–pathogen interface and/or deliver them directly into host cells. An outstanding example of the complexity and sophistication of secretion systems and the diversity of their protein substrates, effectors, is the Defective in organelle trafficking/Intracellular multiplication (Dot/Icm) Type IVB secretion system (T4BSS) of and related species. species are facultative intracellular pathogens of environmental protozoa and opportunistic human respiratory pathogens. The Dot/Icm T4BSS translocates an exceptionally large number of effectors, more than 300 per strain, and is essential for evasion of phagolysosomal degradation and exploitation of protozoa and human macrophages as replicative niches. Recent technological advancements in the imaging of large protein complexes have provided new insight into the architecture of the T4BSS and allowed us to propose models for the transport mechanism. At the same time, significant progress has been made in assigning functions to about a third of effectors, discovering unprecedented new enzymatic activities and concepts of host subversion. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the workings of the Dot/Icm T4BSS machinery and provide an overview of the activities and functions of the to-date characterized effectors in the interaction of with host cells.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): bacterial pathogenesis , Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) , effectors , host–pathogen interaction , infection and Legionella
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Medical Research Council (Award MR/R010552/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: GunnarN. Schroeder
  • Wellcome Trust (Award 215164/Z/18/Z)
    • Principle Award Recipient: TiagoR. D. Costa
© 2022 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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The Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system and its effectors
Microbiology 168, 001187 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001187
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.001187
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