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Volume 167, Issue 2

Multiple holins contribute to extracellular DNA release in biofilms Open Access

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms are composed of aggregates of cells encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). One key EPS component is extracellular DNA (eDNA), which acts as a ‘glue’, facilitating cell–cell and cell–substratum interactions. We have previously demonstrated that eDNA is produced in biofilms via explosive cell lysis. This phenomenon involves a subset of the bacterial population explosively lysing, due to peptidoglycan degradation by the endolysin Lys. Here we demonstrate that in three holins, AlpB, CidA and Hol, are involved in Lys-mediated eDNA release within both submerged (hydrated) and interstitial (actively expanding) biofilms, albeit to different extents, depending upon the type of biofilm and the stage of biofilm development. We also demonstrate that eDNA release events determine the sites at which cells begin to cluster to initiate microcolony formation during the early stages of submerged biofilm development. Furthermore, our results show that sustained release of eDNA is required for cell cluster consolidation and subsequent microcolony development in submerged biofilms. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of how eDNA release is controlled temporally and spatially within biofilms.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): biofilm initiation , EPS , explosive cell lysis , extracellular polymeric substance and microcolony formation
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Wellcome Trust (Award 106064/Z/14/2)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LauraC McCaughey
  • Cystic Fibrosis Trust (Award VIA 070)
    • Principle Award Recipient: LauraM Nolan
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/CCG1860/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: GeorgeM Savva
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/R012504/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: CynthiaB Whitchurch
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2021-01-05
2024-04-19
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Multiple holins contribute to extracellular DNA release in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Microbiology 167, 000990 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000990
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000990
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000990
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