Extrusion of extracellular membrane vesicles from hyphal tips of Streptomyces venezuelae coupled to cell-wall stress

References

1. Flärdh K, Richards DM, Hempel AM, Howard M, Buttner MJ. Regulation of apical growth and hyphal branching in Streptomyces . Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:737–743 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
2. Riquelme M. Tip growth in filamentous fungi: a road trip to the apex. Annu Rev Microbiol 2013; 67:587–609 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Lew RR. How does a hypha grow? the biophysics of pressurized growth in fungi. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011; 9:509–518 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
4. Typas A, Banzhaf M, Gross CA, Vollmer W. From the regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis to bacterial growth and morphology. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012; 10:123–136 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
5. Flärdh K. Essential role of DivIVA in polar growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 2003; 49:1523–1536 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
6. Hempel AM, Wang Sb, Letek M, Gil JA, Flärdh K. Assemblies of DivIVA mark sites for hyphal branching and can establish new zones of cell wall growth in Streptomyces coelicolor . J Bacteriol 2008; 190:7579–7583 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
7. Flärdh K. Cell polarity and the control of apical growth in Streptomyces . Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:758–765 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
8. Gray DI, Gooday GW, Prosser JI. Apical hyphal extension in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Gen Microbiol 1990; 136:1077–1084 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
9. Koch AL. The problem of hyphal growth in streptomycetes and fungi. J Theor Biol 1994; 171:137–150 [View Article]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Holmes NA, Walshaw J, Leggett RM, Thibessard A, Dalton KA et al. Coiled-coil protein Scy is a key component of a multiprotein assembly controlling polarized growth in Streptomyces . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E397–E406 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Richards DM, Hempel AM, Flärdh K, Buttner MJ, Howard M. Mechanistic basis of branch-site selection in filamentous bacteria. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002423 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Fröjd MJ, Flärdh K. Apical assemblies of intermediate filament‐like protein FilP are highly dynamic and affect polar growth determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces venezuelae . Mol Microbiol 3: [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
13. Fuchino K, Bagchi S, Cantlay S, Sandblad L, Wu D et al. Dynamic gradients of an intermediate filament-like cytoskeleton are recruited by a polarity landmark during apical growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E1889–E1897 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
14. Bagchi S, Tomenius H, Belova LM, Ausmees N. Intermediate filament-like proteins in bacteria and a cytoskeletal function in Streptomyces . Mol Microbiol 2008; 70:1037–1050 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hempel AM, Cantlay S, Molle V, Wang SB, Naldrett MJ et al. The Ser/Thr protein kinase AfsK regulates polar growth and hyphal branching in the filamentous bacteria Streptomyces . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2371–E2379 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
16. Deatherage BL, Cookson BT. Membrane vesicle release in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea: a conserved yet underappreciated aspect of microbial life. Infect Immun 2012; 80:1948–1957 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
17. Schatz D, Vardi A. Extracellular vesicles - new players in cell-cell communication in aquatic environments. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 43:148–154 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
18. Brown L, Wolf JM, Prados-Rosales R, Casadevall A. Through the wall: extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015; 13:620–630 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
19. Schwechheimer C, Kuehn MJ. Outer-Membrane vesicles from gram-negative bacteria: biogenesis and functions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015; 13:605–619 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
20. Toyofuku M, Nomura N, Eberl L. Types and origins of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:13–24 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
21. Toyofuku M, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Yamamoto T, Eisenstein F, Hsiao CC et al. Prophage-triggered membrane vesicle formation through peptidoglycan damage in Bacillus subtilis . Nat Commun 2017; 8:481 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
22. Andreoni F, Toyofuku M, Menzi C, Kalawong R, Mairpady Shambat S et al. Antibiotics stimulate formation of vesicles in Staphylococcus aureus in both phage-dependent and -independent fashions and via different routes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e01439–18 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
23. Bertani G. Lysogeny at mid-twentieth century: P1, P2, and other experimental systems. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:595–600 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
24. Stuttard C. Temperate phages of Streptomyces venezuelae: lysogeny and host specificity shown by phages SV1 and SV2. Microbiology 1982; 128:115–121 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
25. Kieser T, Bibb MJ, Buttner MJ, Chater KF, Hopwood DA. Practical Streptomyces genetics Norwich, United Kingdom: John Innes Foundation; 2000
    [Google Scholar]
26. Gust B, Challis GL, Fowler K, Kieser T, Chater KF. PCR-targeted Streptomyces gene replacement identifies a protein domain needed for biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene soil odor geosmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:1541–1546 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
27. Gust B, Chandra G, Jakimowicz D, Yuqing T, Bruton CJ et al. Lambda red-mediated genetic manipulation of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces . Adv Appl Microbiol 2004; 54:107–128 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
28. Yu D, Ellis HM, Lee EC, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG et al. An efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5978–5983 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
29. Wang S-B, Cantlay S, Nordberg N, Letek M, Gil JA et al. Domains involved in the in vivo function and oligomerization of apical growth determinant DivIVA in Streptomyces coelicolor . FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 297:101–109 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
30. Ramijan K, Ultee E, Willemse J, Zhang Z, Wondergem JAJ et al. Stress-Induced formation of cell wall-deficient cells in filamentous actinomycetes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5164 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
31. Fuchino K, Flärdh K, Dyson P, Ausmees N. Cell-biological studies of osmotic shock response in Streptomyces spp. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:e00465–16 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
32. Daniel RA, Errington J. Control of cell morphogenesis in bacteria: two distinct ways to make a rod-shaped cell. Cell 2003; 113:767–776
    [Google Scholar]
33. Celler K, Koning RI, Willemse J, Koster AJ, van Wezel GP. Cross-membranes orchestrate compartmentalization and morphogenesis in Streptomyces . Nat Commun 2016; 7:11836 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
34. Salerno P, Larsson J, Bucca G, Laing E, Smith CP et al. One of the two genes encoding nucleoid-associated HU proteins in Streptomyces coelicolor is developmentally regulated and specifically involved in spore maturation. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:6489–6500 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
35. Prosser JI, Tough AJ. Growth mechanisms and growth kinetics of filamentous microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1991; 10:253–274 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
36. Flärdh K. Growth polarity and cell division in Streptomyces . Curr Opin Microbiol 2003; 6:564–571 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
37. Letek M, Ordóñez E, Vaquera J, Margolin W, Flärdh K et al. DivIVA is required for polar growth in the MreB-lacking rod-shaped actinomycete Corynebacterium glutamicum . J Bacteriol 2008; 190:3283–3292 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
38. Kieser KJ, Rubin EJ. How sisters grow apart: mycobacterial growth and division. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:550–562 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
39. Puffal J, García-Heredia A, Rahlwes KC, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Spatial control of cell envelope biosynthesis in mycobacteria. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:fty027 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
40. Prados-Rosales R, Baena A, Martinez LR, Luque-Garcia J, Kalscheuer R et al. Mycobacteria release active membrane vesicles that modulate immune responses in a TLR2-dependent manner in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1471–1483 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
41. Schrempf H, Koebsch I, Walter S, Engelhardt H, Meschke H. Extracellular Streptomyces vesicles: amphorae for survival and defence. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:286–299 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
42. Schrempf H, Merling P. Extracellular Streptomyces lividans vesicles: composition, biogenesis and antimicrobial activity. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:644–658 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
43. Hoefler BC, Stubbendieck RM, Josyula NK, Moisan SM, Schulze EM et al. A link between linearmycin biosynthesis and extracellular vesicle genesis connects specialized metabolism and bacterial membrane physiology. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1238–1249 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
44. Claessen D, Rozen DE, Kuipers OP, Søgaard-Andersen L, van Wezel GP. Bacterial solutions to multicellularity: a tale of biofilms, filaments and fruiting bodies. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:115–124 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
45. Yagüe P, Willemse J, Koning RI, Rioseras B, López-García MT et al. Subcompartmentalization by cross-membranes during early growth of Streptomyces hyphae. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12467 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
46. Santos-Beneit F, Roberts DM, Cantlay S, McCormick JR, Errington J. A mechanism for FtsZ-independent proliferation in Streptomyces . Nat Commun 2017; 8:1378 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]