1887

Abstract

The genomic island 9 (SPI-9) from serovar Typhi ( Typhi) carries three ORFs (STY2876, STY2877, STY2878) presenting 98 % identity with a type 1 secretory apparatus (T1SS), and a single ORF (STY2875) similar to a large RTX-like protein exhibiting repeated Ig domains. BapA, the serovar Enteritidis orthologous to Typhi STY2875, has been associated with biofilm formation, and is described as a virulence factor in mice. Preliminary analyses revealed that Typhi STY2875 ORF has a 600 bp deletion compared with Enteritidis , suggesting that Typhi STY2875 might be non-functional. At present, SPI-9 has not been studied in Typhi. We found that the genes constituting SPI-9 are arranged in an operon whose promoter was up-regulated in high osmolarity and low pH in a RpoS-dependent manner. All the proteins encoded by Typhi SPI-9 were located at the membrane fraction, consistent with their putative role as T1SS. Furthermore, SPI-9 contributed to adherence of Typhi to epithelial cells when bacteria were grown under high osmolarity or low pH. Under the test conditions, Typhi SPI-9 did not participate in biofilm formation. SPI-9 is functional in Typhi and encodes an adhesin induced under conditions normally found in the intestine, such as high osmolarity. Hence, this is an example of a locus that might be designated a pseudogene by computational approaches but not by direct biological assays.

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2016-08-01
2024-03-28
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