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Volume 161, Issue 3

(p)ppGpp modulates cell size and the initiation of DNA replication in in response to a block in lipid biosynthesis Free

Abstract

Stress conditions, such as a block in fatty acid synthesis, signal bacterial cells to exit the cell cycle. FabH is a cell-cycle-regulated β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase that initiates lipid biosynthesis and is essential for growth in rich media. To explore how responds to a block in lipid biosynthesis, we created a FabH-depletion strain. We found that FabH depletion blocks lipid biosynthesis in rich media and causes a cell cycle arrest that requires the alarmone (p)ppGpp for adaptation. Notably, basal levels of (p)ppGpp coordinate both a reduction in cell volume and a block in the over-initiation of DNA replication in response to FabH depletion. The gene encodes a master transcription factor that directly regulates 95 cell-cycle-controlled genes while also functioning to inhibit the initiation of DNA replication. Here, we demonstrate that transcription is (p)ppGpp-dependent during fatty acid starvation. CtrA fails to accumulate when FabH is depleted in the absence of (p)ppGpp due to a substantial reduction in transcription. The (p)ppGpp-dependent maintenance of transcription during fatty acid starvation initiated from only one of the two promoters. In the absence of (p)ppGpp, the majority of FabH-depleted cells enter a viable but non-culturable state, with multiple chromosomes, and are unable to recover from the miscoordination of cell cycle events. Thus, basal levels of (p)ppGpp facilitate re-entry into the cell cycle after termination of fatty acid starvation.

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© 2015 The Authors
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2015-03-01
2024-04-18
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(p)ppGpp modulates cell size and the initiation of DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus in response to a block in lipid biosynthesis
Microbiology 161, 553 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000032
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000032
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000032
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