Guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp), guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-monophosphate (ppGp) and antibiotic production in Streptomyces clavuligerus

References

1. Aharonowitz Y., Demain A. L. 1979; Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Can J Microbiol 25:61–67
   [Google Scholar]
2. An G., Vining L. C. 1978; Intracellular levels of guanosine 5'- diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pp Gpp) and guanosine 5'- triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppp Gpp) in cultures of Streptomyces griseus producing streptomycin.. Can J Microbiol 24:502–511
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bascaran V., Sanchez L, Hardisson C., Brana A. F. 1991; Stringent response and initiation of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces clavuligerus. J Gen Microbiol 137:1625–1634
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bok S.H., Demain A. L. 1977; An improved colorimetric assay for polyols. Anal Biochem 81:18–20
   [Google Scholar]
5. Bradford M.M. 1976; A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
   [Google Scholar]
6. Brana A. F., Wolfe S., Demain A. L. 1986; Relationship between nitrogen assimilation and cephalosporin synthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Arch Microbiol 146:46–51
   [Google Scholar]
7. Cashel M. 1975; Regulation of bacterial pp Gpp and ppp Gpp. Annu Rev Microbiol 29:301–318
   [Google Scholar]
8. Cashel M., Rudd K. E. 1987; The stringent response. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium'. Cellular and Molecular Biology pp. 1410–1438 Edited by Neidhardt F. C. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
   [Google Scholar]
9. Golterman H. L., Clymo R. S., Ohnstad M. A. M. 1978 Methods for Physical and Chemical Analysis of Fresh Waters pp. 112–113 Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications;
   [Google Scholar]
10. Laemmli U.K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
11. Lebrihi A., Germain P., Lefebvre G. 1987; Phosphate repression of cephamycin and clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus.. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26:130–135
    [Google Scholar]
12. Nishino T., Gallant J., Shalit P., Palmer L., Wehr T. 1979; Regulatory nucleotides involved in the rei function of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 140:671–679
    [Google Scholar]
13. Ochi K. 1986; Occurrence of the stringent response in Streptomyces sp. and its significance for the induction of morphological and physiological differentiation. J Gen Microbiol 132:2621–2631
    [Google Scholar]
14. Ochi K. 1990a; Streptomyces rel C mutants with an altered ribosomal protein ST-L11 and genetic analysis of a Streptomyces griseus rel C mutant. J Bacteriol 172:4008–4016
    [Google Scholar]
15. Ochi K. 1990b; A relaxed {rei) mutant of Streptomyces coelico lor A3(2) with a missing ribosomal protein lacks the ability to accumulate pp Gpp, A factor and prodigiosin. J Gen Microbiol 136:2405–2415
    [Google Scholar]
16. Pao C.C., Gallant J. 1979; A new nucleotide involved in the stringent response in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 254:688–692
    [Google Scholar]
17. Plummer D.T. 1971; Quantitative examination of proteins and amino acids. In An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry pp. 153–160 London: McGraw Hill;
    [Google Scholar]
18. Riesenberg D., Bergter F., Kari C. 1984; Effect of serine hydroxymate and methyl a-D-glucopyranoside treatment on nucleoside polyphosphate pools, RNA and protein accumulation on Streptomyces hygroscopicus. J Gen Microbiol 130:2549–2558
    [Google Scholar]
19. Romero J., Liras P., Martin J. F. 1984; Dissociation of cephamycin and clavulanic acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus.. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 20:318–325
    [Google Scholar]
20. Sarrubi E., Rudd K. E., Cashel M. 1988; Basal pp Gpp level adjustment shown by new spo P mutants affects steady state growth rates and rrnh ribosomal promoter regulation in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet 213:214–222
    [Google Scholar]
21. Simuth J., Hudec J., Chau H. T., Danyi O., Zelinka J. 1979; The synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides, RNA and protein by Streptomyces aureofaciens.. J Antibiot 32:53–58
    [Google Scholar]
22. Strauch E., Takano E., Baylis H. A., Bibb M. 1991; The stringent response in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 5:289–298
    [Google Scholar]
23. Weatherburn M.W. 1967; Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal Chem 39:971–974
    [Google Scholar]