1887

Abstract

C316, maintained in the yeast form, showed a proliferation of peroxisomes when grown on triolein or serum as sole carbon source but these structures were absent from glucose-grown cells. Peroxisomes were also apparent in obtained after injection into mice and recovery from intraperitoneal washings and kidneys; they may therefore be useful markers to assess a potential response in cells that are growing . Trans-cell-wall structures also occurred in grown on triolein or serum, and in cells cultured but were not seen in cells grown on glucose. These structures consisted of electron-dense fibrillar material penetrating through the cell wall from the plasmalemma side and protruded out to the exterior of the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum, located at the periphery of the cell, was found to be in close proximity with these cell wall structures. Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.7), the key enzyme for the translocation of acetyl units between intracellular compartments, was present in low activities in glucose-grown cells; its activity was increased some 100-fold in triolein-grown cells but only 4-fold in serum-grown cells. It was not possible to assess this activity in the -cultured cells. Two separate CAT proteins, partially purifed from isolated microchondria and peroxisomes, respectively, were identified, with different specificities and kinetic properties.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-142-11-3171
1996-11-01
2024-10-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/142/11/mic-142-11-3171.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-142-11-3171&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anderson J., Mihalik R., Soll D. R. 1990; Ultrastructure and antigenicity of the unique cell-wall pimple of the Candida opaque phenotype. J Bacteriol 172:224–235
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Aoki S., Itokuwa S., Nakamura Y., Masuhara T. 1989; Mitochondrial behavior during the yeast-hypha transition of Candida albicans. Microbios 60:79–86
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bloisi W., Colombo I., Garavaglia B., Giardini R., Finocchiaro G., Didonato S. 1990; Purification and properties of carnitine acetyltransferase from human liver. Ear J Biochem 189:539–546
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bradford M. M. 1976; A rapid and sensitive method for thequantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biocbem 72:248–254
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chase J. F. A. 1969; Carnitine acetyltransferase. Methods Enzymol 13:387–393
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Crabtree B., Gordon M. J., Christie S. L. 1990; Measurement of the rates of acetyl-CoA hydrolysis and synthesis from acetate in rat hepatocytes and the role of these fluxes in substrate cycling. Biochem J 270:219–225
    [Google Scholar]
  7. DeLaissé J. M., Martin P., Verheyenbouvy M. F., Nyns E. J. 1981; Subcellular distribution of enzymes in the yeast Saccharomjces lipolytica, grown on normal hexadecane, with special reference to the owega-hydroxylase. Biochim Biophys Acta 676:77–90
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Douglas L. J. 1987; Adhesion of Candida species to epithelial surfaces. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 15:27–43
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fischer W., Bruckner B., Meyer H. W. 1982; Ultrastructural alterations at the cell-wall and plasma-membrane of Candida Spec H induced by normal-alkane assimilation. Z Allg Mikrobiol 22:227–236
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gow N. A. R., Gooday G. W. 1984; A model for the germ tube formation and mycelial growth form of Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 22:137–143
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Haywood G. W., Large P. J. 1981; Microbial oxidation of amines - distribution, purification and properties of two primary amine oxidases from the yeast Candida boidinii grown on amines as sole nitrogen-source. Biochem J 199:187–201
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hirai M., Shimizu S., Teranishi Y., Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1972; Studies on the physiology-metabolism of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms. Effects of hydrocarbon on the morphology of Candida tropicalis pK233. Agric Biol Chem 36:2335–2343
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hitchcock C. A., Barrett Bee K. J., Russell N. J. 1989; The lipid-composition and permeability to the triazole antifungal antibiotic ICI-153066 of serum-grown mycelial cultures of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 135:1949–1955
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Holdsworth J. E., Veenhuis M., Ratledge C. 1988; Enzyme activities in oleaginous yeasts accumulating and utilizing exogenous or endogenous lipids. J Gen Microbiol 134:2907–2915
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hommel R., Ratledge C. 1993; Biosynthetic mechanisms of low molecular weight surfactants and their precursor molecules. In Biosurfactants: Production, Properties, Applications pp. 3–63 Edited by Kosaric N. New York: Marcel Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Houston J. G., Douglas L. J. 1989; Interaction of Candida albicans with neutrophils - effect of phenotypic changes in yeast cell-surface composition. J Gen Microbiol 135:1885–1893
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Joshi K. R., Gavin J. B., Armiger L. C. 1975; Morphological identification of pathogenic yeasts using carbohydrate media. J Bacteriol 123:1139–1143
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Kohlhaw G. B., Tan-Wilson A. 1977; Carnitine acetyltransferase-candidate for transfer of acetyl-groups through the mitochondrial membrane of yeast. J Bacteriol 129:1159–1161
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kozulic B., Kappeli O., Meussdoerffer F., Fiechter A. 1987; Characterization of a soluble carnitine acetyltransferase from Candida tropicalis. Eur J Biochem 168:245–250
    [Google Scholar]
  20. McCourtie J., Douglas L. J. 1981; Relationship between cell- surface composition of Candida albicans and adherence to acrylic after growth on different carbon sources. Infect Immun 32:1234–1241
    [Google Scholar]
  21. McCourtie J., Douglas L. J. 1985; Extracellular polymer of Candida albicans - isolation, analysis and role in adhesion. J Gen Microbiol 131:495–503
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mannaerts G. P., Van Veldhoven P. P. 1990; The peroxisome-functional properties in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 18:87–89
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Minnaert K. 1961; Kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase. I. The system: cytochrome c- cytochrome oxidase - oxygen. Biochim Biophys Acta 50:23–34
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Odds F. C. 1988 Candida and Candidosis, 2nd edn. pp. 42–67 London: Baillière Tindall;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Okada H., Ueda M., Tanaka A. 1986; Purification of peroxisomal malate synthase from alkane grown Candida tropicalis and some properties of the purified enzyme. Arch Microbiol 144:137–141
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Osmani S. A., Scrutton M. C. 1983; The sub-cellular localization of pyruvate-carboxylase and of some other enzymes in Aspergillus nidulans. Eur J Biochem 133:551–560
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Osumi M., Fukuzumi F., Yamada N., Nagatani T., Teranishi Y., Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1975; Surface structure of some Candida yeast-cells grown on n-alkanes. J Ferment Technol 53:244–248
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Poulain D., Cailliez J. C., Dubremetz J. F. 1989; Secretion of glycoproteins through the cell-wall of Candida albicans. Eur J Cell Biol 50:94–99
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Prasad R. 1985; Lipids in the structure and function of yeast membrane. Adv Eipid Res 21:187–242
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Prasad R. 1987; Nutrient transport in Candida albicans, a pathogenic yeast. Yeast 3:209–211
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rajasingham K. C., Challacombe S. J. 1988; Intracytoplasmic membrane configurations, vesicles and vesicular inclusions in Candida albicans. Cytobios 53:7–17
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Ratledge C. 1994; Biodegradation of oils, fats and fatty acids. In Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation pp. 89–141 Edited by Ratledge C. Dordrecht: Kluwer;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ross I. K., Debernardis F., Emerson G. W., Cassone A., Sullivan P. A. 1990; The secreted aspartate proteinase of Candida albicans - physiology of secretion and virulence of a proteinase- deficient mutant. J Gen Microbiol 136:687–694
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Shepherd M. G., Yin C. Y., Ram S. P., Sullivan P. A. 1980; Germ tube induction in Candida albicans. Can J Microbiol 26:21–26
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Sheridan R., Ratledge C., Chalk P. A. 1990; Pathways to acetyl-CoA formation in Candida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 69:165–169
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Srere P. A., Jones M. E., Matthews C. K.editors 1990 Structural and Organisational Aspects of Metabolic Regulation (UCLA Symp Mol Cell Biol no. 133) New York: Wiley-Liss;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sumegi B., Sherry A., Malloy C. R. 1990; Channeling of TCA cycle intermediates in cultured Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 29:9106–9110
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1989; Metabolism of n-alkanes. In The Yeasts, 2nd edn. 3 pp. 261–287 Edited by Rose A. H., Harrison J. S. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Tanaka K., Kanbe T., Kuroiwa T. 1985; 3-Dimensional behavior of mitochondria during cell-division and germ tube formation in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. J Cell Sci 73:207–220
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Tokunaga M., Kusamichi M., Koike H. 1987; Ultrastructure of the inner cell-wall areas of Candida albicans. J Electron Microsc 36:310
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Ueda M., Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1982; Peroxisomal and mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferases in alkane-grown yeast Candida tropicalis. Eur J Biochem 124:205–210
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Ueda M., Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1985; Enhancement of carnitine acetyltransferase synthesis in alkane-grown cells and propionate- grown cells of Candida tropicalis. Arch Microbiol 141:29–31
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Vamecq J., Draye J-P. 1989; Pathophysiology of peroxisomal β- oxidation. Essays Biochem 24:115–225
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Veenhuis M., Harder W. 1987; Metabolic sign and biogenesis of microbodies in yeasts. In Peroxisomes in Biology and Medicine pp. 436–457 Edited by Fahimi H. D., Sies H. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Veenhuis M., Harder W. 1991; Microbodies. In The Yeasts, 2nd edn. 4 pp. 601–653 London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  46. WHO 1979; Problems related to the purification of Mycobacterium leprae from armadillo tissues and standardization of M. leprae preparation. In 1/79 of Report on the Enlarged Steering Committee Meeting, Geneva
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Yamamura M., Teranishi Y., Tanaka A., Fukui S. 1975; Preparation of protoplasts of hydrocarbon-utilizing yeast cells and their respiratory activities. Agric Biol Chem 39:13–20
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Zlotnik H., Fernandez M. P., Bowers B., Cabib E. 1984; Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoproteins form an external cell-wall layer that determines wall porosity. J Bacteriol 159:1018–1026
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Zwart K. B., Overmars E. H., Harder W. 1983; The role of peroxisomes in the metabolism of D-alanine in the yeast Candida utilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 19:225–231
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-142-11-3171
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-142-11-3171
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error