1887

Abstract

SUMMERY:

A temperature-sensitive, conditionally lethal actin mutant of , DBY 1693, was used to study, using light and electron microscopy, dysfunction of the actin cytoskeleton in the morphogenesis of the cell wall. Cells of this mutant strain survived at least 24 h at the restrictive temperature (37°C). These cells showed isodiametric growth. Mutant cells accumulated vesicles, probably as a consequence of chaotic secretory transport caused by loss of polarity. A conspicuous morphological response to the dysfunction of actin was the formation of an aberrant wall over the whole surface of the isodiametrically-growing cell. This wall was of loose texture with protruding glucan microfibrils incompletely masked with amorphous matrix. It resembled the regenerating cell wall on the surfaces of yeast protoplasts. The localization of wall synthesis over the whole surface of temperature sensitive actin mutant cells was in accordance with an even distribution of submembranous actin in the form of patches (similarly to regenerating protoplasts). Delocalization of finger-like invaginations of the plasma membrane from the bud region to the whole surface of the growing cell was also found in mutant cells.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-4-891
1995-04-01
2024-12-10
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/141/4/mic-141-4-891.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-4-891&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adams A. E. M., Pringle J. R. 1984; Relationship of actin and tubulin distribution to bud growth in wild-type and morphogenetic mutant Saccharomyces . J Cell Biol 98:934–945
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Adams A. E. M., Botstein D., Drubin D. G. 1989; A yeast-actin-binding protein is encoded by SAC 6, a gene found by suppression of an actin mutation. Science 243:231–233
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Amatruda J. F., Vannon J. F., Tachell K., Hug C. H., Cooper J. A. 1990; Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast capping protein mutants. Nature 344:352–354
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barnes G., Drubin D. G., Stearns T. 1990; The cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Curr Opinion Cell Biol 2:109–115
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Branton D., Bullivant S., Gilula N. B., Karnovsky M. J., Moor H., Mühlethaler K., Northcote D. H., Packer L., Satir B., Satir P., Speth V., Staehelin L. A., Steere R. I., Weinstein R. S. 1975; Freeze-etching nomenclature. Science 190:54–56
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chowdhury S., Smith K. W., Gustin M. C. 1992; Osmotic stress and the yeast cytoskeleton: phenotype-specific suppression of an actin mutation . J Cell Biol 118:561–571
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Drubin D. 1991; Development of cell polarity in budding yeast. Cell 65:1093–1096
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Drubin D., Miller K. G., Botstein D. 1988; Yeast actin-binding proteins: evidence for a role in morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 107:2551–2561
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Drubin D. G., Heather D. J., Wertmen K. F. 1993; Actin structure and function: roles in mitochondrial organization and morphogenesis in budding yeast and identification of the phalloidin-binding site. Mol Cell Biol 4:1277–1294
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Fleet G. H. 1991 Cell walls. In The Yeasts 4 pp 199–279 Edited by Rose A. H., Harrison J. S. Academic Press; London:
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gabriel M., Kopecká M., Svoboda A. 1992; Structural rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in regenerating protoplasts of budding yeasts . J Gen Microbiol 138:2229–2234
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gallwitz D., Seidel R. 1980; Molecular cloning of the actin gene from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Nucleic Acids Res 8:1043–1059
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gallwitz D., Sures I. 1980; Structure of a split gene: complete nucleotide sequence of the actin gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:2546–2550
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Goldstein L. S. B., Vale R. D. 1992; New cytoskeletal liaisons. Nature 359:193–194
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Haarer B. K., Lillie S. H., Adams A. E. M., Magdolen V., Brandlow W., Brown S. S. 1990; Purification of profilin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of profilin-deficient cells. J Cell Biol 110:105–114
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Harold F. M. 1991; Biochemical topology: from vectorial metabolism to morphogenesis. Biosci Rep 11:347–385
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hašek J., Svobodová J., Streiblová E. 1986; Immunofluorescence of the microtubular skeleton in growing and drug-treated yeast protoplasts . Eur J Cell Biol 41:150–156
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Jochová J., Rupeš I., Streiblová E. 1991; F-actin contractile ring in protoplasts of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces . Cell Biol lnt Rep 15:607–610
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Johnston G. C., Prendergast J. A., Singer B. A. 1991; The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO 2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles . J Cell Biol 113:539–551
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kilmartin J. V., Adams A. E. M. . (1984); Structural rearrangement of tubulin and actin during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces . J Cell Biol 98:922–933
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Klis F. M. 1994; Review: cell wall assembly in yeast. Yeast 10:851–869.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kobori H., Yamada N., Taki A., Osumi M. 1989; Actin is associated with the formation of the cell wall in reverting protoplasts of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . J Cell Sci 94 :635–646
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kopecká M., Phaff H. J., Fleet G. H. 1974; Demonstration of a fibrillar component in the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its chemical nature. J Cell Biol 62:66–76
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kreger D. R., Kopecká M. 1976; On the nature and formation of the fibrillar nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid media: an electron microscopic, X-ray diffraction and chemical study. J Gen Microbiol 92:207–221
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Liu H., Bretscher A. . 1989; Disruption of the single tropomyosin gene in yeasts results in the disappearance of actin cables from the cytoskeleton. Cell 57:233–242
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Moor H., Mühlethaler K. 1963; Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J Cell Biol 17:609–628
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mulholland J., Preuss D., Moon A., Wong A., Drubin D., Botstein D. 1994; Ultrastructure of the yeast actin cytoskeleton and its association with the plasma membrane . J Cell Biol 125:381–391
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Nečas O., Svoboda A. 1985; Cell wall regeneration and protoplast reversion. In Fungal Protoplasts pp 115–133 Edited by Peberdy J. F., Ferenczy L. New York: Marcel Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ng R., Abelson J. (1980); Isolation of the gene for actin in Saccbaromyces cerevisiae . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:3912–3916
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Novick P., Botstein D. 1985; Phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive yeast actin mutants. Cell 40:405–416
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pringle J. R., Preston R. A., Adams A. E. M., Stearns T., Drubin D. G., Haarer B. K., Jones W. E. 1989; Fluorescence microscopy methods for yeasts. Methods in Cell Biology 31:357–435
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Shortle D., Haber J., Botstein D. 1982; Lethal disruption of the yeast actin gene by integrative DNA transformation. Science 217:371–373
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Shortle D., Novick P., Botstein D. 1984; Construction and genetic characterization of temperature-sensitive alleles of the yeast actin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:4889–4893
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Streiblová E. 1984 The yeast cell wall A marker system for cell cycle controls. In The Microbial Cell Cycle pp 117–142 Edited by Nurse P., Streiblová E. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-4-891
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-4-891
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error