Response of P220 to osmotic shock: Interrelationships between K, Mg, glutamate and homospermidine Free

Abstract

The response of P220, a salt-tolerant strain of soybean rhizobia, to osmotic shock was investigated by using non-growing washed cells. Rapid changes in K, Mg, glutamate and homospermidine were observed in strain P220 cells subjected to sudden changes in the osmolarity of incubation buffer. Osmotic upshock resulted in elevation of cellular K and glutamate, and reduction in cellular homospermidine and Mg. When the cells were transferred to upshock buffer lacking K, the reduction in Mg was totally blocked, but the elevation of glutamate and the reduction in homospermidine were only partially repressed. Osmotic downshock resulted in the opposite phenomenon: There was an elevation of homospermidine and Mg, and a rapid fall of K and glutamate. When the cells were transferred to downshock buffer lacking Mg, the elevation of homospermidine was partially repressed, but the decrease in K and glutamate was not repressed at all. Lowering of the cellular K by treatment with ionophores nigericin and monensin resulted in a slight decrease in glutamate and a slight increase in homospermidine and Mg, possibly due to a pH effect caused by the K-H exchange. Raising the cellular Mg content by treatment with ionophore A23187 brought about an increase in homospermidine. The homospermidine content of Mg-deficient cells grown with low-Mg medium reduced to 35% of those grown with the basal medium. These results indicate that in , K strictly controls Mg flux during osmotic shock whereas the reverse is not true, and that glutamate and homospermidine essentially escape direct control by K. We also suggest that Mg, which has no effect on the pool size of glutamate, is one of the factors which regulate homospermidine content in rhizobial cells.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-140-8-1909
1994-08-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/140/8/mic-140-8-1909.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-140-8-1909&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bernard T., Pocard J.-A., Perroud B., Rudulier D.L. Variations in the response of salt-stressed Rhispbium strains to betaines. Arch Microbiol 1986; 143:359–364
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Beutler H.O. L-Glutamate; colorimetric method with glutamate dehydrogenase and diaphorase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis 1985 Edited by Bergmeyer H.U. Weinheim: Basel Verlag Chemie; 3rd ed 3 pp 369–376
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Botsford J.L. Osmoregulation in Rhispbium meliloti. inhibition of growth by salts. Arch Microbiol 1984; 137:124–127
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bottcher F., Adolph R.-D., Hartmann T. Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme in pyrro-lizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 1993; 32:679–689
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72:248–254
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown A.D. Compatible solutes. In Microbial Water Stress Physiology: Principles and Perspectives 1990 Chichester: John Wiley; pp 241–246
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Castle A.M., MacNab R.M., Shulman R.G. Coupling between the sodium and proton gradients in respiring Escherichia coli cells measured by 23Na and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. J Biol Chem 1986; 261:7797–7806
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cayley S., Record Jr M.T., Lewis B.A. Accumulation of 3-(iV-morpholino)propanesulfonate by osmotically stressed Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:3597–3602
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Epstein W. Osmoregulation of potassium transport in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1986; 39:73–78
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Epstein W., Schultz S.G. Cation transport in Escherichia coli V Regulation of cation content. J Gen Physiol 1965; 49:221–234
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Flores H.E., Galston A.W. Analysis of polyamines in higher plants by high performance liquid chromatography. Plant Physiol 1982; 69:701–706
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fujihara S., Harada Y. A novel polyamine, amino-butylhomospermidine, in Japanese volcanic ash soils. Soil Biol Biochem 1989a; 21:449–452
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fujihara S., Harada Y. Fast-growing root nodule bacteria produce a novel polyamine, aminobutylhomospermidine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989b; 165:659–666
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Fujihara S., Yoneyama T. Effects of pH and osmotic stress on cellular polyamine contents in the soybean rhizobia Rhispbium fredii P220 and Bradyrhispbium japonicum A 1017. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:1104–1109
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Henderson P.J.F., McGivan J.D., Chappell J.B. The action of certain antibiotics on mitochondrial erythrocyte and artificial phospholipid membranes. Biochem J 1969; 111:521–535
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hernandez B.S., Focht D.D. Invalidity of the concept of slow growth and alkali production in cowpea rhizobia. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 48:206–210
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hooper A.B., Hansen J., Bell R. Characterization of glutamate dehydrogenase from the ammonia-oxidizing chemo-autotroph Nitrosomonas europaea. J Biol Chem 1967; 242:288–296
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hua S.-S.T., Tsai V.Y., Lichens G.M., Noma A.T. Accumulation of amino acids in Rhispbium sp. strain WR 1001 in response to sodium chloride salinity. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 44:134–140
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kroll R.G., Booth I.R. The role of potassium transport in the generation of a pH gradient in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 1981; 198:691–698
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Measures J.C. Role of amino acids in osmoregulation of nonhalophilic bacteria. Nature 1975; 257:398–400
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Munro G.F., Hercules K., Morgan J., Sauerbier W. Dependence of the putrescine content of Escherichia coli on the osmotic strength of the medium. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:1272–1280
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Okada M., Kawashima S., Imahori K. Substrate binding characteristics of the active site of spermidine dehydrogenase from Serratia marcescens. J Biochem 1979; 85:1235–1243
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Peter H.W., Ahlers J., Gunther T. The dependence of polyamine and phospholipid contents in marine bacteria on the osmotic strength of the medium. Int J Biochem 1978; 9:313–316
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Reed P.W., Lardy H.A. A23187: A divalent cation ionophore. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:6970–6977
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rubenstein K.E., Streibel E., Massey S., Lapi L., Cohen S.S. Polyamine metabolism in potassium-deficient bacteria. J Bacteriol 1972; 112:1213–1221
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Schuber F. Influence of polyamines on membrane functions. Biochem J 1989; 260:1–10
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Slocum R.D., Kaur-Sawhney R., Galston A.W. The physiology and biochemistry of polyamines in plants. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 235:283–303
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Srivenugopal K.S., Adiga P.R. Enzymic synthesis of symhomospermidine in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) seedlings. Biochem J 1980; 190:461–464
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Tabor H., Tabor C.W. Spermidine, spermine, and related amines. Pharmacol Rev 1964; 16:245–300
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tait G.H. The formation of homospermidine by an enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Biochem Soc Trans 1979; 7:199–201
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tait G.H. Bacterial polyamines, structures and biosynthesis. Biochem Soc Trans 1985; 13:316–318
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tempest D.W., Meers J.L. Influence of environment on the content and composition of microbial free amino acid pools. J Gen Microbiol 1970; 64:171–185
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Yamamoto S., Yamasaki K., Takashina K., Katsu T., Shinoda S. Characterization of putrescine production in nongrowing Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells in response to external osmolarity. Microbiol Immunol 1989; 33:11–21
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yelton M.M., Yang S.S., Edie S.A., Lim S.T. Characterization of an effective salt-tolerant, fast-growing strain of Rhispbium japonicum. J Gen Microbiol 1983; 129:1537–1543
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-140-8-1909
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-140-8-1909
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed