An organism that seems to be identical to ⊘rskov's 'Sarcina mirabilis' [⊘rskov J. (1930) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl III, 519-541] has been rediscovered in specimens from the upper respiratory tract of humans. Six strains were studied, and the results, which conformed to ⊘rskov's description of S. mirabilis, were as follows. Rough to smooth colonies grow on many plated media and show extremely polymorphic cell morphology with round cells wit diameters from 1 to > 10 μm. The smallest cells were often motile with circular movements. Strains were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase and urease positive, and weakly catalase positive. Nitrate and nitrite were reduced and glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol were fermented. Polysaccharide was produced on sucrose agar. Electron microscopy showed coccoid cells with a bundle of three to nine flagella, a Gram-negative cell-wall morphology, and aggregates of irregular cells held together by a common surface layer. The mean mol% (G + C) of the organisms was 65·0. 16S-ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the organism belongs to the beta subgroup of Proteobacteria, separate from all other described genera, but most closely related to Burkholderia. The name Lautropia mirabilis is proposed for this organism.
BlomJ.,
HansenG. H.,
PoulsenF. M.1983; Morphology of cells and hemaggludnogens of Bordetella species: resolution of substructural units in fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis
. Infect Immun 42:308–317
DewhirstF. E.,
PasterB. J.,
BrightP. C.1989; Chromobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella, Neisseria, Simonsiella and Vitreoscilla species comprise a major branch by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence comparison: transfer of Eikenella and Simonsiella to the family Neisseriaceae (emend.). Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:258–266
GibbonsR.J.,
BanghartS. B.1967; Synthesis of extracellular dextran by carcinogenic bacteria and its presence in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 12:11–24
HendrichsonD.A.,
KrenzM. M.1991; Reagents and stains. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th edn. chapter 122, p. 1313 Edited by
BalowsA.,
HauslerW. J. ,
HerrmannK. L. ,
IsenbergH. D. ,
ShadomyH. J. .
Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
HughR.,
LeifsonE.1953; The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various Gram negative bacteria. J Bacteriol 66:24–26
KochR.1884Konferenz zur Erorterung der Cholerafrage am 26 Juli 1884 in Berlin. Berliner Klinischer Wochenschrift no. 31 32 and 32a. (Reprinted in Gesammelte Werkevon Robert KochBand II, 1. Teil, p. 1912 20–60 Leipzig: Verlag von Georg Thieme;
KolmosH.J.,
SchmidtJ.1987; Failure to detect hydrogen-sulphide production in lactose/sucrose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae using triple sugar iron agar. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect B 95:85–87
LiX.,
DorschM.,
Del DotT.,
SlyL. I.,
StackebrandtE.,
HaywardA. C.1993; Phylogenetic studies of the rRNA group II pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. J Appl Microbiol 74:324–329
MelchiorN. H.,
BlomJ.,
TybringL,
Birch-AndersenA.1973; Light and electron microscopy of the early response of Escherichia coli to a 6-β-amidinopenicillanic acid (FL 1060). Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect B 81:393–407
MorseS.A.,
KnappJ. S.1991; The genus Neisseria
. In The Prokaryotes pp. 2495–2529 Edited by
BalowsA.,
TriiperH. G. ,
DworkinM.,
HarderW. ,
SchleiferK. H. .
Berlin: Springer Verlag;
NeubauerT.,
BergerU.1961; Polysaccharidbildung aus saccharose durch einen ‘saccharosenegativen’ keim: Neisseria flavescens
. Naturwissenschaften 48:405–406
O'MearaR. A. Q.1931; A simple, delicate and rapid method of detecting the formation of acetylmethylcarbinol by bacteria fermenting carbohydrate. J Pathol Bacteriol 34:401–406
RaineyF.A.,
StackebrandtE.1993; Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial genus Thermobacteroides indicates an ancient origin of Thermobacteroides proteolyticus
. Lett Appl Microbiol 16:282–286
RaineyF. A.,
DorschM.,
MorganH. W.,
StackebrandtE.1992; 16S rDNA analysis of Spirochaeta thermophila: its phylogenetic position and implications for the systematics of the order Spirochaetales
. Syst Appl Microbiol 15:197–202
RossauR.,
VandenbusscheF.,
ThielemansS.,
SegersP.,
GroschH.,
GotheE.,
MannheimW.,
De LeyJ.1989; Ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistron homologies of Neisseria, Kingella, Simonsiella, Alysiella and Centers for Disease Control Group EF-4 and M5 in the emended family Neisseriaceae
. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:185–189
StackebrandtE.,
CharfreitagO.1990; Partial 16S rRNA primary structure of five Actinomyces species: phylogenetic implications and development of an Actinomyces israelii specific oligonucleotide probe. J Gen Microbiol 136:37–43
YabuuchiE.,
KosakoY.,
OyaizoH.,
YanoI.,
HottaH.,
HashimotoY.,
EzakiT.,
ArakawaM.1992; Proposal of Burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus Pseudomonas homology group II to the new genus, with the type species Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes, 1981) comb. nov. Microbiol Immunol 36:1251–1275