1887

Abstract

Summary: Crude chitin synthetase preparations from the mycelial and yeast forms of behaved differently. The mycelial preparations, incubated at 28 °C, lost virtually all chitin synthetase activity in a few hours; by contrast, the activity of enzyme preparations from yeast cells increased several fold during similar incubations. These spontaneous changes were probably caused by endogenous protease(s). Seemingly, the chitin synthetase in yeast preparations was present mainly in a latent, ‘zymogenic’, form that was activated by proteases. In the mycelial preparations, chitin synthetase was present mainly in an active state and was rapidly degraded by endogenous proteolysis. Exogenous proteases accelerated activation and destruction of chitin synthetase; an acid protease from was the most effective activator. The activation of chitin synthetase was inhibited by a soluble protein in the cell-free extract. Treatment with the detergent Brij 36T stabilized the chitin synthetase of crude preparations against spontaneous changes. Stabilized preparations were rapidly activated by exogenous proteases. The different behaviour of chitin synthetases in crude extracts of mycelium and yeast cells is consistent with, and perhaps partially responsible for, the differences in wall construction between mycelial and yeast forms of .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-97-2-241
1976-12-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/97/2/mic-97-2-241.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-97-2-241&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bartnicki-Garcia S. . 1973; Fundamental aspects of hyphal morphogenesis. Symposia of the Society for General Microbiology 23:245–267
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bartnicki-Garcia S. , Lippman E. . 1969; Fungal morphogenesis: cell wall construction in Mucor rouxii. Science 165:302–304
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartnicki-Garcia S. , Nickerson W.J. . 1962; Induction of yeast-like development in Mucor by carbon dioxide. Journal of Bacteriology 84:829–840
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cabib E. , Farkas V. . 1971; The control of septum morphogenesis: an enzymatic mechanism for the initiation of septum formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68:2052–2056
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cabib E., Ulane R. 1973; Chitin synthetase activating factor from yeast, a protease. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 50:186–191
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cabib E., Farkas V., Ulane R.E., Bowers B. 1973; Yeast septum formation as a model system for morphogenesis. In Yeast, Mould and Plant Protoplasts pp. 105–116 Villanueva J.R., Garcia-Acha I., Gascon S., Uruburu F. Edited by London: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Camargo E.P., Dietrich C.P., Sonneborn E., Strominger J.L. 1967; Biosynthesis of chitin in spores and growing cells of Blastocladiella emersonii. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242:3121–3128
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Castañeda-Agulló M., Hernandez A., Loaeza F., Salazar W. 1945; Crystallization of mexicain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 159:751
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Girbardt M. 1969; Die Ultrastruktur der Apikalregion von Pilzhyphen. Protoplasma 67:413–441
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gooday G.W., De Rousset-Hall A. 1975; Properties of chitin synthetase from Coprinus cinereus. Journal of General Microbiology 89:137–145
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Grove S.N., Bracker C.E., Morré D.J. 1970; An ultrastructural basis for hyphal tip growth in Pythium ultimum. American Journal of Botany 57:245–266
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hasilik A. 1974; Inactivation of chitin synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Archives of Microbiology 101:295–301
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Jaworski E.G., Wang L.C., Carpenter W.D. 1965; Biosynthesis of chitin in cell-free extracts of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology 55:1309–1312
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lara S.L., Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1974; Cytology of budding in Mucor rouxii: wall ontogeny. Archives of Microbiology 97:1–16
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall R.J. 1951; Protein measurements with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193:265–275
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mcdonald C.E., Chen L.L. 1965; The Lowry modification of the Folin reagent for determination of proteinase activity. Analytical Biochemistry 10:175–177
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mcmurrough I., Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1971; Properties of a particulate chitin synthetase from Mucor rouxii. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246:4008–4016
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mcmurrough I., Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1973; Inhibition and activation of chitin synthesis by Mucor rouxii cell extracts. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 158:812–816
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mcmurrough I., Flores-Carreon A., Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1971; Pathway of chitin synthesis and cellular localization of chitin synthetase in Mucor rouxii. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246:3999–4007
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Myers R.B., Cantino E.C. 1974; The Gamma Particle, Monographs in Developmental Biology. 8 Basel: S. Karger.;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Porter C.A., Jaworski E.G. 1966; The synthesis of chitin by particulate preparations of Allomyces macrogynus. Biochemistry; New York: 51149–1154
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Ruiz-Herrera J., Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1975; Biochemistry of dimorphism: proteolytic activation and destruction of chitin synthetase from Mucor rouxii. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology p. 130 Washington: American Society for Microbiology.;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Schlamowitz M., Peterson L.U. 1959; Studies on the optimum pH for the action of pepsin on ‘native’ and denatured bovine serum albumin and bovine hemoglobin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 234:3137–3145
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-97-2-241
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-97-2-241
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error