The Apparent ATP Requirement for Nitrogen Fixation in Growing Free

Abstract

SUMMARY: The apparent ATP requirement for N fixation in was high (the ATP/N molar ratio was 29 when estimated in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures) compared with that determined previously in and in The high value was probably not due to unfavourable temperature, phosphate concentration or pH. The apparent ATP requirement for N fixation was probably no lower in O-limited chemostat cultures than in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures. When hydrogen was introduced into the atmosphere over the anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat culture, there was an increase in the apparent ATP requirement for N fixation and in the activity of nitrogenase in intact organisms. A comparison of these increases suggests that some ATP is wasted by the ATP-dependent H-evolving activity of nitrogenase.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-95-2-297
1976-08-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/95/2/mic-95-2-297.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-95-2-297&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baker K. 1968; Low cost continuous culture apparatus. Laboratory Practice 17:817–824
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bayliss N. S. 1956; The thermodynamics of biological nitrogen fixation. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9:364–370
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown C. M., Macdonald-Brown D. S., Meers J. L. 1974; Physiological aspects of microbial inorganic nitrogen metabolism. Advances in Microbial Physiology 11:1–52
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bulen W. A., Burns R. C., Lecompte J. R. 1965; Nitrogen fixation: hydrosulfite as electron donor with cell-free preparations of Azotobacter vinelandii and Rhodospirillum rubrum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 53:532–539
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Burris R. H. 1971; Fixation by free-living micro-organisms: enzymology. In The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation pp. 105–160 Postgate J. R. Edited by London and New York: Plenum.;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chaney A. L., Marbach E. P. 1962; Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry 8:130–132
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chapman A. G., Fall L., Atkinson D. E. 1971; Adenylate energy charge of Escherichia coli during growth and starvation. Journal of Bacteriology 108:1072–1086
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Daesch G., Mortenson L. E. 1968; Sucrose catabolism in Clostridium pasteurianum and its relation to N2 fixation. Journal of Bacteriology 96:346–351
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dalton H., Postgate J. R. 1969; Growth and physiology of Azotobacter chroococcum in continuous culture. Journal of General Microbiology 56:307–319
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dixon R. A. 1972 Genetics of nitrogen fixation in coliform bacteria. D. Phil, thesis University of Sussex.:
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Eady R. R., Postgate J. R. 1974; Nitrogenase. Nature; London: 249805–810
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Eady R. R., Smith B. E., Cook K. A., Postgate J. R. 1972; Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae purification and properties of the component proteins. Biochemical Journal 128:655–675
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fencl Z. 1966; A theoretical analysis of continuous culture. In Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Continuous Culture of Microorganisms pp. 67–153 Malek I., Fencl Z. Edited by New York and London: Academic.;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Freidemann T. E. 1957; Determination of α-keto acids. In Methods in Enzymology 3 pp. 414–418 Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. Edited by New York and London: Academic.;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hadfield K. L., Bulen W. A. 1969; Adenosine triphosphate requirement of nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. Biochemistry; New York: 85103–5108
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hadjipetrou L. P., Gerrits J. P., Teulings F.A.G., Stouthamer A. H. 1964; Relation between energy production and growth of Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of General Microbiology 36:139–149
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hamilton I. R., Burris R. H., Wilson P. W. 1964; Hydrogenase and nitrogenase in a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52:637–641
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hardy R.W.F., Burns R. C., Parshall G. W. 1971; The biochemistry of N2 fixation. Advances in Chemistry Series 100:219–247
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Harrison D.E.F., Loveless J. E. 1971; The effect of growth conditions on respiratory activity and growth efficiency in facultative anaerobes grown in chemostat culture. Journal of General Microbiology 68:35–43
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Harrison D.E.F., Pirt S. J. 1967; The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on the respiration and glucose metabolism of Klebsiella aerogenes during growth. Journal of General Microbiology 46:193–211
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hill S. 1976; Influence of atmospheric oxygen concentration on acetylene reduction and efficiency of nitrogen fixation in intact Klebsiella pneumonia. Journal of General Microbiology 93:335–345
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hill S., Drozd J. W., Postgate J. R. 1972; Environmental effects on the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 22:541–558
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hwang J. C., Chen C. H., Burris R. H. 1973; Inhibition of nitrogenase-catalysed reductions. Biochimica et biophysica acta 292:256–270
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Jeng D. Y., Morris J. A., Mortenson L. E. 1970; The effect of reductant in inorganic release from adenosine 5′-triphosphate by purified nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245:2809–2813
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Mahl M. C., Wilson P. W. 1968; Nitrogen fixation in cell-free extracts of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 14:33–38
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Mortenson L. E., Valentine R. C., Carnahan J. E. 1963; Ferredoxin in the phosphoclastic reaction of pyruvic acid and its relation to nitrogen fixation in Clostridium pasteurianum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 238:794–800
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Neish A. C. 1952 Analytical Methods for Bacterial Fermentation Report 468–3 2nd rev. Saskatoon: National Research Council of Canada.;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Neish A. C. 1957; Chemical procedures for separation and determination of alcohols. In Methods in Enzymology 3 pp. 255–263 Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. Edited by New York and London: Academic.;
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Pengra R. M., Wilson P. W. 1958; Physiology of nitrogen fixation by Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Bacteriology 75:21–25
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pirt S. J. 1957; The oxygen requirement of growing cultures of an Aerobacter species determined by means of the continuous culture technique. Journal of General Microbiology 16:59–75
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pryce J. D. 1969; A modification of the Barker-Summerson method for the determination of lactic acid. The Analyst 94:1151–1152
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Rose I. A. 1955; Acetate kinase of bacteria. In Methods in Enzymology 1 pp. 591–595 Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. Edited by New York and London: Academic.;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Shanmugam K. T., Valentine R. C. 1975; Microbial production of ammonium ion from nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72:136–139
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Smith L. A., Hill S., Yates M. G. 1976; Inhibition by acetylene of conventional hydrogenase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nature ; London: in the Press
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Snell F. D., Snell C. T. 1953 Colorimetric Methods of Analysis Including some Turbidometric and Nephelometric Methods 3 pp. 381–382 Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand;
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Stouthamer A. H. 1973; A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 39545–565
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Stouthamer A. H., Bettenhaussen C. 1973; Utilization of energy for growth and maintenance in continuous and batch cultures of microorganisms. Biochimica et biophysica acta 301:53–70
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Wood H. G., Gest H. 1957; Determination of formate. In Methods in Enzymology 3 pp. 285–292 Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. Edited by New York and London: Academic.;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Yates M. G., Jones C. W. 1974; Respiration and nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter. Advances in Microbial Physiology 11:97–135
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Yoch D. C. 1974; Electron transport carriers involved in nitrogen fixation by the coliform Klebsiella pneumoniae. Journal of General Microbiology 83:153–164
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Zumft W. G., Mortenson L. E. 1975; The nitrogen-fixing complex of bacteria. Biochimica et biophysica acta 416:1–52
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-95-2-297
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-95-2-297
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed