sp.nov., a Cytochrome-producing Anaerobe which Metabolizes Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Free

Abstract

Summary: Several strains of a new, obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus were isolated from sheep rumen contents. An important distinctive feature was their reductive cleavage of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidines, using hydrogen gas or formate as hydrogen donor. With the same hydrogen donors, the organism reduced nitrate and fumarate. In all cases, the reductive metabolism formed part of an energy-giving sequence used by the organism for growth. This new coccus also utilized energy obtained by dissimilation of arginine. Enzymic hydrolysates of casein and yeast autolysate were satisfactory substrates for growth but no strain fermented carbohydrates. Ultrasonic extracts of the coccus contained a -type cytochrome. The characteristics of the organism are consistent with its allocation to the genus within which it differs significantly from currently recognized species. The name is proposed for this new species, and a reliable method for isolating it is described.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-94-1-1
1976-05-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/94/1/mic-94-1-1.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-94-1-1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual. , 2. 1973 Holdeman L. V., Moore W. E. C. Edited by Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University;
  2. Beroey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. , 8. 1974 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins;
  3. Dick A. T., Dann A. T., Bull L. B., Culvenor C. C. J. 1963; Vitamin B12 and the detoxification of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in rumen liquor. Nature; London: 197207–208
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Holdeman L. V., Moore W. E. C. 1974; New genus.Coprococcus, twelve new species, and amended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hungate R. E. 1950; The anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteriological Reviews 14:1–49
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hungate R. E. 1966 The Rumen and Its Microbes pp. 26–30 New York and London: Academic;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hungate R. E. 1969; A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. In Methods in Microbiology, 3B: pp. 117–132 Norris J. R., Ribbons D. W. Edited by London and New York: Academic;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jacobs N. J., Wolin M. J. 1963; Electron transport system of Vibrio succinogenes. I. Enzymes and cytochromes of the electron transport system. Biochimica et biophysica acta 69:18–28
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Lanigan G. W. 1970; Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the ovine rumen. II. Some factors affecting rate of alkaloid breakdown by rumen fluid in vitro. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21:633–639
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Lanigan G. W. 1971; Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the ovine rumen. III. The competitive relationship between heliotrine metabolism and methanogenesis in rumen fluid in vitro. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 22:123–130
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lanigan G. W. 1972; Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the ovine rumen. IV. Effects of chloral hydrate and halogenated methanes on rumen methanogenesis and alkaloid metabolism in fistulated sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23:1085–1091
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lanigan G. W., Smith L. W. 1970; Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the ovine rumen. I. Formation of 7α-hydroxy-1α-methyl-8α-pyrrolizidine from heliotrine and lasiocarpine. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 21:493–500
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Macy J., Probst I., Gottschalk G. 1975; Evidence for cytochrome involvement in fumarate reduction and adenosine 5′-triphosphate synthesis by Bacteroides fragilis grown in the presence of hemin. Journal of Bacteriology 123:436–442
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Marmur J. 1961; A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from micro-organisms. Journal of Molecular Biology 3:208–218
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Paynter M. J. B., Hungate R. E. 1968; Characterization of Methanobacterium mobilis, sp.n., isolated from the bovine rumen. Journal of Bacteriology 95:1943–1951
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Rogosa M. 1971; Peptococcaceae, a new family to include the Gram-positive, anaerobic cocci of the genera Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 21:234–237
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Russell G. R., Smith R. M. 1968; Reduction of heliotrine by a rumen microorganism. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 21:1277–1290
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Schildkraut C. L., Marmur J., Doty P. 1962; Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its buoyant density in CsCl. Journal of Molecular Biology 4:430–443
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Wolin M. J., Wolin E. A., Jacobs N. J. 1961; Cytochrome-producing anaerobic vibrio.Vibrio succinogenes, sp. n. Journal of Bacteriology 81:911–917
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-94-1-1
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-94-1-1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed