1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: Two hundred and thirty-three strains of coryneform bacteria, including representatives of the genera and and other related bacteria, were studied using 173 morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. The bacteria were grown on a soil extract medium which allowed growth of all the strains, and all were incubated at 30 °C. The results were subjected to computer analysis. The majority of the strains grouped into eight main clusters representing: (A) and (B) and (C) animal corynebacteria and (D) and related bacteria; (E) (F) and (G) plant pathogenic corynebacteria; (H) Based on these clusters, several recommendations are made regarding the classification of the coryneform area. (i) The members of clusters A and B at present placed in the Corynebacteriaceae would seem better moved to the Lactobacillaceae. (ii) The genus would best be retained for the type species closely related animal corynebacteria and (iii) and are distinct taxa more closely related to than to either or (iv) Clusters F and G are evidently heterogeneous. In particular the positions of and the plant pathogenic corynebacteria are unclear. is a large loose taxon and it is premature to decide on its taxonomic rank. The genus should be retained for and closely related strains. (v) The cellulolytic forms of Nocardia should be removed from the genus; they are however quite distinct from

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-87-1-52
1975-03-01
2024-12-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/87/1/mic-87-1-52.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-87-1-52&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abd-El-Malek Y., Gibson T. 1952; Studies in the bacteriology of milk. III. The corynebacteria of milk. Journal of Dairy Research 19:153–159
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Abe S., Takayama K., Kinoshita S. 1967; Taxonomical studies on glutamic acid producing bacteria. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 13:279–301
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailey L. 1957; The isolation and cultural characteristics of Streptococcus pluton (Bacillus pluton White) and further observations on Bacterium eurydice White. Journal of General Microbiology 17:39–48
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bailey L. 1960; The epizootiology of European foul brood of the larval honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. Journal of Insect Pathology 2:67–83
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bailey L. 1963; The habitat of Bacterium eurydice.. Journal of General Microbiology 31:147–150
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Barksdale L. 1970; Corynebacterium diphtheriae and its relatives. Bacteriological Reviews 34:378–422
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Barksdale W. L., Li K., Cummins C. S., Harris H. 1957; The mutation of Corynebacterium pyogenes% to Corynebacterium haemolyticum.. Journal of General Microbiology 16:749–758
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bergey’S Manual Of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th. 1957 Breed R. S., Murray E. G. D., Smith R. N. Edited by London:: Baillière, Tindall & Cox.;
  9. Bouisset L., Breuillard J., Michel G. 1963; Étude de l’ADN chez les Actinomycetales.. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur 104:756–770
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bousfield I. J. 1972; A taxonomic study of some coryneform bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 71:441–455
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bowie I. S., Grigor M. R., Dunckley G. G., Loutit M. W., Loutit J. S. 1972; The DNA base composition and fatty acid constitution of some Gram-positive pleomorphic soil bacteria. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 4:397–412
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bradley S. G. 1971; Criteria for definition of Mycobacterium, Nocardia and the rhodochrous complex. Advancing Frontiers of Plant Science 28:349–367
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Chatelain R., Second L. 1966; Taxonomie numérique de quelques Brevibacterium.. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur 111:630–644
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Clark F. E. 1951; The generic classification of certain cellulolytic bacteria. Soil Science Society American Proceedings 15:180–182
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Clark F. E. 1952; The generic classification of the soil corynebacteria. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 2:45–56
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Clark F. E. 1953; Criteria suitable for species differentiation in Cellulomonas and a revision of the genus. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 3:179–199
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Collins-Thompson D. L., SØrhaug T., Witter L. D., Ordal Z. J. 1972; Taxonomic consideration of Microbacterium lacticum, Microbacterium flavum and Microbacterium thermosphactum.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:65–72
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Colwell R. R., Citarella R. V., Ryman I., Chapman G. B. 1969; Properties ofPseudomonas iodinum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 15:851–857
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Conn H. J., Dimmick I. 1947; Soil bacteria similar in morphology to Mycobacterium and Coryne- bacterium.. Journal of Bacteriology 54:291–303
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Cowan S. T., Steel K. T. 1965 Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Cross T., Goodfellow M. 1973; Taxonomy and classification of the actinomycetes. In Actinomycetales, Characteristics and Practical Importance Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series No.2.London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Cummins C. S., Harris H. 1956; The chemical composition of the cell wall in some Gram-positive bacteria and its possible value as a taxonomic character. Journal of General Microbiology 14:583–600
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Cure G. L., Keddie R. M. 1972; Methods for the morphological examination of aerobic corynebacteria. In Sampling - Microbiological Monitoring of Environments, Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series 7 pp. 123–135 Board R. G., Lovelock D. W. Edited by New York and London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Dacre J. C., Sharpe M. E. 1956; Catalase production by lactobacilli. Nature London: 788700
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Da Silva G. A. N., Holt J. G. 1965; Numerical taxonomy of certain coryneform bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 90:921–927
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Davidson C. M., Mobbs P., Stubbs J. M. 1968; Some morphological and physiological properties of Microbacterium thermosphactum.. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 31:551–559
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Davis G. H. G. 1955; The classification of lactobacilli from the human mouth. Journal of General Microbiology 13:481–493
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Davis G. H. G., Fomin L., Wilson E., Newton K. G. 1969; Numerical taxonomy of Listeria, streptococci and possibly related bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 57:333–348
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Davis G. H. G., Newton K. G. 1969; Numerical taxonomy of some named coryneform bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 56:195–214
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Deibel R. H., Evans J. B. 1960; Modified benzidine test for the detection of cytochrome containing respiratory systems in microorganisms. Journal of Bacteriology 79:356–360
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Di Salvo J. W. 1958; Deoxyribonuclease and coagulase activity of micrococci. Medical Technology Bulletin 9:191–196
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Flossmann K.-D., Erler W. 1972; Serologische, chemische und immunochemische Untersuchungen an Rotlaufbakterien.XI.Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Deoxyribonukleinsäuren aus Rotlauf-bakterien. Archiv für experimentelle Veterinärmedizin 26:817–824
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Gardner G. A. 1969; Physiological and morphological characteristics of Kurthia zopfii isolated from meat products. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 32:371–380
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Gibson T. 1953; Taxonomy of the genus Corynebacterium.. In Proceedings of 6th International Congress of Microbiology Rome: 1 pp. 16–20
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Goodfellow M. 1971; Numerical taxonomy of some nocardioform bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 69:33–80
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Goodfellow M., Fleming A., Sackin M. J. 1972; Numerical classification of ‘Mycobacteriumrhodochrous and Runyon’s group IV mycobacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:81–98
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E., Patel P. V., Mordarska H. 1973; Free nocardomycolic acids in the classification of nocardias and strains of the ‘rhodochrous’ complex. Journal of General Microbiology 74:185–188
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Gordon R. E., Mihm J. M. 1957; A comparative study of some strains received as nocardiae. Journal of Bacteriology 73:15–27
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Harrington B. J. 1966; Numerical taxonomical study of some corynebacteria and related organisms. Journal of General Microbiology 45:31–40
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Henry B. S. 1933; Dissociation in the genus Brucella.. Journal of Infectious Diseases 52:374–402
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Hugh R., Leifson E. 1953; The taxonomic significance of the fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 66:24–26
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Jensen H. L. 1932; Contributions to our knowledge of the Actinomycetales. IV.The identity of certain species of Mycobacterium and Proactinomyces.. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 57:364–367
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Jensen H. L. 1933; Corynebacteria as an important group of soil microorganisms. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 58:181–185
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Jensen H. L. 1934; Studies on the saprophytic mycobacteria and corynebacteria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 59:19–61
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Jensen H. L. 1952; The coryneform bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 6:77–90
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Jensen H. L. 1966; Some introductory remarks on the coryneform bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:13–16
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Johnson J. L., Cummins C. S. 1972; Cell wall composition and deoxyribonucleic acid similarities among the anerobic coryneforms, classical propionibacteria and strains of Arachnia propionica.. Journal of Bacteriology 109:1047–1066
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Jones D., Watkins J., Meyer D. J. 1970; Cytochrome composition and effect of catalase on growth of Agromyces ramosus.. Nature London: 2261249–1250
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Jones D., Watkins J., Erikson S. K. 1973; Taxonomically significant colour changes in Brevibacterium linens probably associated with a carotenoid-like pigment. Journal of General Microbiology 77:145–150
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Jones D., Weitzman P. D. J. 1971; Taxonomic significance of citrate synthase. Journal of General Microbiology 69:xi
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Jones D., Weitzman P. D. J. 1974; Reclassification of Brevibacterium leucinophagum Kinney & Werkman as a Gram-negative organism, probably in the genus Acinetobacter.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:113–117
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Jones L. A., Bradley S. G. 1964; Phenetic classification of actinomycetes. Development in Industrial Microbiology 5:267–272
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Keddie R. M. 1949 A study of Bacterium zopfii Kurth Dissertation: Edinburgh School of Agriculture.;
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Keddie R. M., Leask B. G. S., Grainger J. M. 1966; A comparison of coryneform bacteria from soil and herbage: cell wall composition and nutrition. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:17–43
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Kinney R. W., Werkman C. H. 1960; Brevibacterium leucinophagum spec.nov. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 10:213–217
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Klinge K. 1960; Differential techniques and methods of isolation of Pseudomonas. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 23:442–462
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Komagata K., Yamada K., Ogawa H. 1969; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria.I.Division of bacterial cells. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 15:243–251
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Lacey M. S. 1955; The cytology and relationships of Corynebacterium fascians.. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 38:49–58
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Lechevalier H. A., Lechevalier M. P. 1970; A critical evaluation of the genera of aerobic actinomycetes. In The Actinomycetales pp. 393–405 Prauser H. Edited by Jena:: Gustav Fischer.;
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Lelliott R. A. 1966; The plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:114–118
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Lochhead A. G., Burton M. O. 1956; The incidence in the soil of bacteria requiring vitamin B12 and the terregens factor. Soil Science 82:237–245
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Lysenko O. 1959; The occurrence of species of the genus Brevibacterium in insects. Journal of Insect Pathology 1:34–42
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Malik A. C., Reinbold G. W., Vedamuthu E. R. 1968; An evaluation of the taxonomy of Propioni-bacterium.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 14:1185–1191
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Masuo E., Nakagawa T. 1969; Numerical classification of bacteria.II.Computer analysis of coryneform bacteria: comparison of group formations obtained on two different methods of scoring data. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 33:1124–1133
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Melville T. H. 1965; A study of the overall similarity of certain actinomycetes mainly of oral origin. Journal of General Microbiology 40:309–315
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Metcalf R. H., Deibel R. H. 1969; Differential lytic response of enterococci associated with addition order of lysozyme and anions. Journal of Bacteriology 99:674–680
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Modarska H., Modarski M., Goodfellow M. 1972; Chemotaxonomic characters and classification of some nocardioform bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 71:77–86
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Mullakhanbhai M. F., Bhat J. V. 1967; A numerical taxonomical study of Arthrobacter.. Current Science 36:115–118
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Owens J. D., Keddie R. M. 1969; Nitrogen nutrition of soil and herbage coryneform bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 32:338–347
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Orla-Jensen S. 1919 The Lactic Acid Bacteria Copenhagen:: Andr.Fred.Host & Son.;
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Prauser H., Lechevalier M. P., Lechevalier H. 1970; Description of Oerskovia gen.n.to harbor Ørskov’s motile Nocardia.. Applied Microbiology 19:534
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Rhodes M. E. 1958; The cytology of Pseudomonas spp.as revealed by a silver-plating staining method. Journal of General Microbiology 18:639–648
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Roberts R. J. 1968; Biochemical reactions of Corynebacterium pyogenes.. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 95:127–130
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Robinson K. 1966a; An examination of Corynebacterium species by gel electrophoresis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:179–184
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Robinson K. 1966b; Some observations on the taxonomy of the genus Microbacterium. I.Cultural and physiological reactions and heat resistance. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:607–615
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Robinson K. 1966c; Some observations on the taxonomy of the genus Microbacterium. II.Cell wall analysis, gel electrophoresis and serology. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:616–624
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Rosenthal S. A., Cox C. D. 1953; The somatic antigens of Corynebacterium michiganense and Corynebacterium insidiosum.. Journal of Bacteriology 65:532–537
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Rosenthal S. A., Cox C. D. 1954; An antigenic analysis of some plant and soil corynebacteria. Phytopathology 44:603–613
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Schefferle H. E. 1966; Coryneform bacteria in poultry deep litter. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29:147–160
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Schleifer K. H. 1970; Die Mureintypen der Gattung Microbacterium.. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 71:271–282
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Seyfried P. L. 1968; An approach to the classification of lactobacilli using computer aided numerical analysis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 14:313–318
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Skerman V. B. D. 1967 A Guide to the Identification of the Genera of Bacteria, 2nd end.. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.;
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Skyring G. W., Quadling C. 1970; Soil bacteria: principle component analysis and guanine-cytosine contents of some arthrobacter-coryneform soil isolates and of some named cultures. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 16:95–106
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Sneath P. H. A. 1957; The application of computers to taxonomy. Journal of General Microbiology 17:201–226
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Sneath P. H. A. 1960; A study of the bacterial genus Chromobacteriam.. Iowa State Journal of Science 34:243–500
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Sneath P. H. A. 1966; Identification methods applied to Chromobacterium.. In Identification Methods for Microbiologists Part A Gibbs B. M., Skinner F. A. Edited by London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Sneath P. H. A. 1972; Computer taxonomy. In Methods in Microbiology 7A pp. 29–98 Norris J. R., Ribbons D. W. Edited by London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Sneath P. H. A., Cowan S. T. 1958; An electro-taxonomic survey of bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 19:551–565
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Sneath P. H. A., Johnson R. 1972; The influence on numerical taxonomic similarities of errors in microbiological tests. Journal of General Microbiology 72:377–392
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Sneath P. H. A., Stevens M. 1967; A divided Petri dish for use with multipoint inoculators. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 30:495–497
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Sokal R. R., Michener C. D. 1958; A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. Kansas University Science Bulletin 38:1409–1438
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Splitstoesser D. E., Wexler M., White J., Colwell R. R. 1967; Numerical taxonomy of Grampositive and catalase-positive rods isolated from frozen vegetables. Applied Microbiology 5:158–162
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Steinhaus E. A. 1941; A study of the bacteria associated with thirty species of insects. Journal of Bacteriology 42:747–790
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Stevens M. 1969; Development and use of multi-inoculation test methods for a taxonomic study. Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology 26:253–263
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Stuart M. R., Pease P. E. 1972; A numerical study of the relationships of Listeria and Erysipelothrix.. Journal of General Microbiology 73:551–565
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Stuart S. E., Welshimer H. J. 1973; Intrageneric relatedness of Listeria Pirie. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:8–14
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Thornley M. J. 1960; The differentiation of Pseudomonas from other Gram-negative bacteria on the basis of arginine metabolism. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 23:37–52
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Thornley M. J., Sharpe M. E. 1959; Micro-organisms from chicken meat related to both lactobacilli and aerobic sporeformers. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 22:368–376
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Topping L. E. 1937; The predominant microorganisms in soils.I.Description and classification of the organisms. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygeine (Abteilung II) 97:289–304
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Trivett T. L., Meyer E. A. 1971; Citrate cycle and related metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes.. Journal of Bacteriology 107:770–779
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Tsukamura M. 1971; Proposal of a new genus, Gordona, for slightly acid-fast organisms occurring in sputa of patients with pulmonary disease and in soil. Journal of General Microbiology 68:15–26
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Vanderzant C., Judkins P. W., Nickelson R., Fitshugh H. A. 1972; Numerical taxonomy of coryneform bacteria isolated from pond-reared shrimp (Penaeus azetecus) and pond water. Applied Microbiology 23:38–45
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Vankova J. 1957; Motile catalase-producing strains of Lactobacillus.. Nature London: 179204
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Veldkamp H. 1970; Saprophytic coryneform bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 24:209–240
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Whittenbury R. 1964; Hydrogen peroxide formation and catalase activity in the lactic acid bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 35:13–26
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Wilkinson B. J. 1973 A numerical taxonomic and serological study of Listeria and possibly related bacteria Ph.D.Thesis; University of Leicester.;
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Wilson G. S., Miles A. A. 1964 Topley & Wilson’s Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity 1, 5th. London:: Arnold.;
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Wood D. 1969; Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes.. In Isolation Methods for Microbiologists Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series 3 pp. 63–69 Shapton D. A., G.W. Gould. Edited by New York and London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Yamada K., Komagata K. 1968; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria. In International Conference of Culture Collections Tokyo abstr. p. 23 Tokyo:: University of Tokyo Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Yamada K., Komagata K. 1970a; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria.II.Principal amino acids in the cell wall and their taxonomic significance. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 16:103–113
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Yamada K., Komagata K. 1970b; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria.III.DNA base composition of coryneform bacteria. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 16:215–224
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Yamada K., Komagata K. 1972a; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria.IV.Morphological, cultural, biochemical and physiological characteristics. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:399–416
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Yamada K., Komagata K. 1972b; Taxonomic studies on coryneform bacteria.V.Classification of coryneform bacteria. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-87-1-52
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-87-1-52
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error