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SUMMARY: Assays using 15N2 and acetylene reduction showed that bacteria in the sheep rumen can fix atmospheric nitrogen. These bacteria are ingested when sheep are at pasture or provided with fresh, non-sterile, food. A permanent nitrogen-fixing microflora does not develop in the rumen. The addition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to sheep rumina coupled with additional carbohydrate (10% molasses) in the feed increased the nitrogen-fixing capacity from 30 mg N to 800 mg N fixed/rumen/day.
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