1887

Abstract

Summary: The ability of a variety of 2-substituted benzimidazoles to inhibit germ-tube elongation in conidia was determined. Contact with a solid surface, such as agar or glass-wool strands, was an essential requirement for germination. The degree of inhibition which benzimidazole derivatives exerted on germ-tube elongation varied markedly with the substituted group; 2-(4’-thiazolyl) benzimidazole (TBZ) was most active. Germ-tube elongation proceeded linearly on agar media and was unaffected by benzimidazole derivatives existing as cations. Inhibition occurred only when the pH of the medium neared, or exceeded, the pK of the benzimidazole derivative being tested. Inhibition of respiration with exogenous glucose after 3 to 4 h of exposure of germinating spores to TBZ appeared to be only an indirect effect of TBZ action; TBZ, in concentrations 100 times that necessary to inhibit growth, failed to affect oxygen uptake or respiratory control of isolated mitochondria with a variety of substrates. TBZ inhibition of germ-tube elongation was partially eliminated by high concentrations of vitamin B. TBZ treatment produced distorted mycelial growth with increased vacuo-lation and elevated RNA/DNA ratios. These data suggested a condition of unbalanced growth similar to that caused by vitamin B deficiency in bacterial and mammalian cells. TBZ may act as a precursor (replacing 5,6-dimethyl benzimidazole) in the formation of an inactive vitamin B coenzyme analogue.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-76-1-197
1973-05-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/76/1/mic-76-1-197.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-76-1-197&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albert A., Serjeant E. P. 1962 Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases p 73. London: Methuen;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen P. J. 1955; The role of a self-inhibitor in the germination of rust uredospores. Phytopathology 45:259–266
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Allen P. M., Gottlieb D. 1970; Mechanism of action of the fungicide Thiabendazole, 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole. Applied Microbiology 20:919–926
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Beck W. S. 1962; The metabolic functions of vitamin B12 . New England Journal of Medicine 266:708–714765–771814–817
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Beck W. S. 1968; Deoxynucleotide synthesis and the role of vitamin B12 in erythropoiesis. In Vitamins and Hormones vol 26 pp 414–442 Edited by Harris R. S., Wool I. G., Loraine J. A. New York and London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Beck W. S., Hook S., Barnett B. H. 1962; The metabolic functions of Vitamin B12. I. Distinctive modes of unbalanced growth behavior in Lactobacillus leichmannii . Biochemica et biophysica acta 55:455–469
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bucknall R. A., Carter S. B. 1967; A reversible inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis. Nature, London 213:1099–1101
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Burton K. 1968; Determination of DNA concentration with diphenylamine. In Methods in Enzymology vol 12B pp 163–166 Edited by Grossman L., Moldave K. New York and London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Clemons G. P., Sisler H. D. 1971; Localization of the site of action of a fungitoxic benomyl derivative. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 1:32–43
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Corner E. J. H. 1935; Observations on resistance to powdery mildews. New Phytologist 34:180–200
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dickinson S. 1972; Studies on the physiology of obligate parasitism. IX. The measurement of a thigmotropic stimulus. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 73:347–358
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Elliott E. W. 1949; The swarm-cells of Myxomycetes. Mycologia 41:141–170
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Friedman R. M., Pastan I. 1970; Mechanism of action of 2-mercapto-1-( β-4-pyridethyl) benzimidazole: A reversible inhibitor or interferon activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 65:104–109
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Frieson J. D. 1968; Measurement of DNA synthesis in bacterial cells. In Methods in Enzymology vol 12B pp 625–627 Edited by Grossman L., Moldave K. New York and London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gottlieb D., Kumar K. 1970; The effect of Thiabendazole on spore germination. Phytopathology 60:1451–1455
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics p D–87 1968 Edited by Weast R. C. Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Co;
  17. Hunter F. E. 1955; Coupling of phosphorylation with oxidation. In Methods in Enzymology vol 2 pp 610–613 Edited by Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. van der Kerk G. J. M., Sijpesteijn A. K. 1969; Biochemical modes of action of fungicides. Proceedings of the 5th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference 3:724–733
    [Google Scholar]
  19. King T. E., Howard R. L. 1967; Preparations and properties of soluble NADH dehydrogenases from cardiac muscle. In Methods in Enzymology vol x pp 275–294 Edited by Estabrook R. W., Pullman M. E. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mattoon J. R., Balcavage W. X. 1967; Yeast mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. In Methods in Enzymology vol 10 pp 135–142 Edited by Estabrook R. W., Pullman M. E. New York and London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Niederpruem D. J. 1965; Tricarboxylic acid cycle. In The Fungi, An Advanced Treatise vol 1 pp 269–300 Edited by Ainsworth G. C., Sussman A. E. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Paget C. J., Kisner K., Stone R. L., De Long D. C. 1970; Heterocyclic substituted ureas. I. Immunosuppression and virus inhibition by benzimidazoleureas. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 12:1010–1015
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Parle J. N., Di Menna M. E. 1972a; Fungicides and the control of Pithomyces chartarum. I. Laboratory trials. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 15:48–53
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Parle J. N., Di Menna M. E. 1972b; Fungicides and the control of Pithomyces chartarum. II. Field trials. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 15:54–63
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rothstein A. 1965; Uptake and translocation. In The Fungi, An Advanced Treatise vol 1 pp 429–463 Edited by Ainsworth G. C., Sussman A. S. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Schneider W. C. 1957; Determination of nucleic acids in tissues by pentose analysis. In Methods in Enzymology vol 3 pp 680–684 Edited by Colowick S. P., Kaplan N. O. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Scott D. B. M., Rogers M. L., Rose C. 1958; Benzimidazoles as specific inhibitors of Vitamin B12 or thymine in bacterial mutants. Journal of the American Chemical Society 80:2165–2169
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Seiler J. P. 1972; The mutagenicity of benzimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives. I. Forward and reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium caused by benzimidazole and some of its derivatives. Mutation Research 15:273–276
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sherman M. S. 1942; Colorimetric determination of phosphorus in soils. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 14:182–185
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Skehel J. J., Hay A. J., Burke D. C., Cartwright L. N. 1967; Effects of actinomycin D and 2-mercapto-1-(β-4-pyridethyl) benzimidazole on the incorporation of 3H-uridine by chick embryo cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 142:430–439
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Stutzenberger F. J., Parle J. N. 1972; Binding of benzimidazole compounds to conidia of Pithomyces chartarum . Journal of General Microbiology 73:85–94
    [Google Scholar]
  32. van Sumere C. F., van Sumere-de Preter C., Vining L. C., Ledingham G. A. 1957; Coumarins and phenolic acids in the uredospores of wheat stem rust. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 3:847–862
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sussman A. S., Lowry R. J., Tyrrell E. 1959; Activation of Neurospora ascospores by organic solvents and furans. Mycologia 51:237–247
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Weinke K. E., Lauber J. J., Greenwald B. W., Preiser F. A. 1969; Thiabendazole, a new systemic fungicide. Proceedings of the 5th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference 2:340–346
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Woolley D. W. 1944; Some biological effects produced by benzimidazole and their reversal by purines. Journal of Biological Chemistry 152:225–232
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Yarwood C. E. 1956; Simultaneous self-stimulation and self-inhibition on uredospore germination. Mycologia 48:20–24
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-76-1-197
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-76-1-197
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error