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SUMMARY: Transient (T) forms of Salmonella resemble both virulent smooth (S) and avirulent rough (R) forms. We studied the effect of the Ti antigen on mouse virulence by introducing the rft+ gene, which determines the synthesis of Ti- specific structures, into S and R forms. The Ti antigen slightly increased the very low virulence of the R forms. When present together with the O antigen in Ti, S hybrid forms the Ti antigen had the opposite effect: it reduced the virulence of the S form considerably. This effect was probably due to the concomitant reduction in the amount of O antigen.
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