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SUMMARY: A survey of 91 strains of Streptococcus salivarius showed that 72 could be classified as type I or II. Only type I strains reacted with group K antiserum. The component responsible for type specificity is a cell-wall polysaccharide composed in each case of galactose, glucose, rhamnose and a trace of glucosamine. However, differences in polysaccharide structure are indicated by differences in the rate of release of soluble carbohydrate by dilute acid. Soluble cell-wall products were obtained by digesting wall with a Streptomyces enzyme preparation and used for serological studies. Galactose was the most effective monosaccharide inhibitor of both type I and type II precipitation. Further investigation suggested that type I specificity depends on the grouping O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(I → 6)-D-galactose.
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