1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: is more exacting in its nutrition for extracellular enzyme production than for growth. All of thirteen defined media tested supported fairly good growth. The major enzymes detected were: endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), maceration factor (MF), α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF) and phenolase. These enzymes were not detected in four of the five natural media tested. In egg-plant extract, traces of endo-PG, MF and pectin-methyl esterase were detected and higher activities of AF and phenolase produced. Inability to detect the enzymes in cultures in other plant extracts was possibly due to their inactivation by the oxidized phenols formed. The inability to detect other enzymes in cultures in defined media, especially those enzymes already implicated in plant diseases, may also be due to the fact that the media tested in the present work were not suitable for their induction. The most suitable basal medium for growth as well as good production of the major enzymes consisted of (%): 1, pectin; 2.5, glucose; 1, asparagine; 0.025, MgSO. 7HO; 0.5, Difco yeast-extract; traces of thiamine.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-1-67
1968-04-01
2024-12-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/51/1/mic-51-1-67.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-1-67&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bateman D. F., Millar R. L. 1966; Pectic enzymes in tissue degradation. A. Rev. Phytopathol 4:119
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown W. 1915; Studies in the physiology of parasitism. I. The action of Botrytis cinerea. Ann. Bot 29:313
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown W. 1955; On the physiology of parasitism in plants. Ann. appl. Biol 48:325
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown W. 1965; Toxins and cell wall dissolving enzymes in relation to plant disease. A. Rev. Phytopathol 3:1
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Byrde R. J. W. 1957; The varietal resistance of fruits to brown rot. II. The nature of resistance in some varieties of cider apple. J. hort. Sci 32:227
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Byrde R. J. W., Fielding A. H. 1965; An extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase secreted by Sclerotinia fructigena. Nature, Lond 205:390
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cameron H. V., Milbrath G. M. 1965; Variability in the genus Phytophthora. I. Effects of nitrogen sources and pH on growth. Phytopathology 55:653
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Clarke D. D. 1966; Production of pectic enzymes by Phytophthora infestans. Nature, Lond 211:649
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cole J. S. 1956; Studies in the physiology of parasitism. XX. The pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia fructigena, and S. laxa, with special reference to the part played by pectolytic enzymes. Ann. Bot 20:15
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Deverall B. J., Wood R. K. S. 1961; Chocolate spot of beans Vicia faba L.—interactions between phenolase of host and pectic enzymes of the pathogen. Ann. appl. Biol 49:473
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dingle J., Reid W. W., Solomons G. L. 1953; The enzymic degradation of pectin and other polysaccharides. II. Application of the ‘Cup-plate’ assay to the estimation of enzymes. J. Sci. Fd Agric 4:149
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Fielding A. H., Hough L. 1965; The synthesis of p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside. Carbohydrate Res 1:327
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fuchs A., Jobsen J. A., Wouts W. M. 1965; Arabanases in phytopathogenic fungi. Nature, Lond 206:714
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hancock J. G., Millar R. L. 1965; Relative importance of polygalacturonate trans-eliminase and other pectolytic enzymes in Southern anthracnose, spring black stem, and Stemphylium leaf spot of alfalfa. Phytopathology 55:346
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hickman C. J. 1958; Phytophthora—plant destroyer. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc 41:1
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Holliday P., Mow at W. P. 1963; Foot-rot of Piper nigrum L. caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. Phytopath. Pap. No. 5
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Horton J. C., Keen N. T. 1966; Sugar repression of endo-polygalacturonase and cellulase synthesis during pathogenesis by Pyrenochaeta terrestris as a resistance mechanism of onion pink rot. Phytopathology 56:908
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Husain A., Kelman A. 1959; Tissue is disintegrated. In Plant Pathology Ed. by Horsfall J. G., Dimond A. E. Vol. 1 New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Kohn J. 1953; A preliminary report of a new gelatin liquefaction method. J. clin. Path 6:249
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Oku H. 1966; Host-parasite relation in Helminthosporium leafspot disease of rice plant from the viewpoint of biochemical nature of the disease. In Host-parasite relations in plant pathology Symp. Hung. Acad. Sci. p. 183
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Orellana R. G. 1953; Infection and tissue changes of Theobroma cacao L. by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.). Turrialba 3:167
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Pandey D. K., Gupta S. C. 1966; Studies in pectic enzymes of parasitic fungi. VI. Factors affecting the secretion of pectic enzymes by Alternaria tenuis. Biologia Pl 8:131
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Peries O. S. 1964; Physiology of Phytophthora palmivora. A. Rev. Rubb. Res. Inst., Ceylon p. 48
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Ponting J. D., Joslyn M. A. 1948; Ascorbic acid oxidation and browning in apple tissue extracts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 19:473
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Roncadori R. W. 1965; A nutritional comparison of some species of Phytophthora. Phytopathology 55:595
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith W. K. 1958; A survey of the production of pectic enzymes by plant pathogenic and other bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol 18:33
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Spence J. A. 1961 Blackpod disease of cocoa: A study in host-parasite relations Ph.D. Thesis University of Bristol;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Thorold C. A. 1967; Blackpod disease of Theobroma cacao. L. Rev. appl. Mycol 46:225
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Turner P. D. 1960; Strains of Phytophthora palmivora. Rep. W. Afr. Cocoa Res. Inst. 1958/59 p. 27
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tuttobello R., Mill P. J. 1961; The pectic enzymes of Aspergillus niger. I. The production of active mixtures of pectic enzymes. Biochem. J 79:51
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Weststeijn G. 1964; Strains of Phytophthora palmivora. Rep. W. Afr. Cocoa Res. Inst. 1962/63 p. 34
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Williams A. H. 1963; Enzyme inhibition by phenolic compounds. In Enzyme Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds Ed. by Pridham J. B. p. 87 Oxford: Pergamon Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Wood R. K. S. 1959; Pathogen factors in the physiology of disease: Pectic enzymes. In Plant Pathology—Problems and Progress, 1908-1958 Ed. by Holton C. S. et al. p. 100 Madison: Univ. Wisconsin Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Wood R. K. S. 1960; Pectic and cellulolytic enzymes in plant diseases. A. Rev. Plant. Physiol 11:299
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-1-67
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-51-1-67
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error