1887

Abstract

Twenty-five strains of cellulolytic cocci were isolated from the rumen contents of seven sheep, over a period of two years. Six sheep were maintained at roughly constant body weight on chaffed lucerne hay or a lucerne chaff/oat chaff mixture. One strain was obtained from an animal on a low protein diet.

The bacteria were classified as or by the accepted monothetic classification. Morphological, cultural, nutritional and fermentation data were then used to classify them by a numerical method. It was concluded that the numerical classification of these strains agreed closely with the classification by more established methods, but justified the assignment of relationship between members of the same species.

The nutritional characteristics of 11 strains capable of growth in partially defined medium were investigated. An organic nitrogen source was essential for three strains; the remaining eight strains grew better with casein hydrolysate than with ammonium sulphate as the sole nitrogen source. Although ammonium ions were not essential for growth, only three strains were capable of growth in the absence of volatile fatty acids. CO was essential for 10 of 11 strains.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-47-2-295
1967-05-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/47/2/mic-47-2-295.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-47-2-295&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Allison M. J., Bryant M. P. 1963; Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids from branched-chain fatty acids by rumen bacteria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 101:269
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allison M. J., Bryant M. P., Doetsch R. N. 1962; Studies on the metabolic function of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, growth factors for ruminococci. J. Bact 83:523
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ayers W. A. 1958; Nutrition and physiology of Ruminococcus flavifaciens . J. Bact 76:504
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryant M. P. 1959; Bacterial species of the rumen. Bact. Rev 23:125
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bryant M. P. 1963; Symposium on microbial digestion in ruminants. Identification of groups of anaerobic bacteria active in the rumen J. anim. Sei 22:801
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bryant M. P., Burkey L. A. 1953; Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sei 36:205
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M. 1961a; Some nutritional requirements of the genus Ruminococcus . Appl. Microbiol 9:91
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M. 1961b; Studies on the nitrogen requirements of some ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. Appl. Microbiol 9:96
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M. 1961c; An improved nonselective culture medium for ruminal bacteria and its use in determining diurnal variation in numbers of bacteria in the rumen. J. Dairy Sei 44:1446
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M. 1962; Some nutritional characteristics of predominant culturable ruminal bacteria. J. Bact 84:605
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bryant M. P., Robinson I. M. 1963; Apparent incorporation of ammonia and amino acid carbon during growth of selected species of ruminal bacteria. J. Dairy Sei 46:150
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bryant M. P., Small N., Bouma C., Chu H. 1958a; Species of succinic acid-producing anaerobic bacteria of the bovine rumen. Bacteriodes ruminicola N.sp. and Succinomonas amylolytica the new genus and species J. Bact 76:15
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Bryant M. P., Small N., Bouma C., Robinson I. M. 1958b; Characteristics of ruminal anaerobic cellulolytic cocci and Cillobacterium cellulosolvens N.sp . J. Bact 76:529
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Bücher, Th. Redetzki H. 1951; Eine spezifische photometrische Bestimmung von Äthylalkohol auf fermentativem Wege. Klin. Wschr 29:615
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Dehority B. A. 1963; Isolation and characterization of several cellulolytic bacteria from in vitro rumen fermentations. J. Dairy Sei 46:217
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fletcher D. W. 1956 Studies on the growth requirements of a cellulolytic coccus from the bovine rumen Ph.D. thesis, State College of Washington, Pullman, Washington
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gall L. S., Huhtanen C. N. 1951; Criteria forjudging a true rumen organism and a description of five rumen bacteria. J. Dairy Sei 34:353
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Halliwell G. 1957; Cellulolytic preparations from micro-organisms of the rumen and from Myrothecium verrucaria . J. gen. Microbiol 17:166
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Hawk P. B., Oser B. L., Summerson W. H. 1954 Practical Physiological Chemistry, 13th ed. London: J. and A. Churchill Ltd;
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hungate R. E. 1950; The anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacteria. Bact. Rev 14:1
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hungate R. E. 1957; Microorganisms in the rumen of cattle fed a constant ration. Can. J. Microbiol 3:289
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kistner A., Gouws L. 1964; Cellulolytic cocci occurring in the rumen of sheep conditioned to lucerne hay. J. gen. Microbiol 34:447
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Leng R. A., Annison E. F. 1963; Metabolism of acetate, propionate and butyrate by sheep liver slices. Biochem. J 86:319
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Neish A. C. 1952 Analytical Methods for Bacterial Fermentations 2nd revision. Saskatoon, Nat. Research Council of Canada, Report no. 46-8-3
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Sijpesteijn A. K. 1948 Cellulose-decomposing bacteria from the rumen of cattle Ph.D. thesis, University of Leiden
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sijpesteijn A. K. 1951; On Ruminococcus flavifaciens a cellulose-decomposing bacterium from the rumen of sheep and cattle. J. gen. Microbiol 5:869
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Williams W. T., Lance G. N. 1965; Logic of computer-based intrinsic classifications. Nature, Lond 207:159
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-47-2-295
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-47-2-295
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error