The Classification of Staphylococci and Micrococci from World-wide Sources Free

Abstract

A study has been made of 607 cultures of Gram-positive and catalase-positive cocci received from workers and collections in different parts of the world. These cultures were examined for a wide range of morphological and physiological characters and representative cultures were further studied to determine the chemical constituents of the organisms. Five hundred and sixty-four of the cultures received were aerobic members of the Micrococcaceae, and of these 96% were classified in the author's groups and subgroups; a further subgroup was, however, introduced to accommodate the not previously studied pink-pigmented micrococci. It appears that the Gram-positive and catalase-positive cocci are best separated into the genus and the genus on the ability of members of to grow and produce acid from glucose anaerobically; six subgroups of staphylococci were recognized and eight of micrococci. The relationship of named species, groups and subgroups to the author's classification was examined; several species and groups of micrococci had been incorrectly classified. Thus, and possess characters which suggest that they should be reclassified with the Gram-negative genera and that Abd-El-Malek and Gibson's group IIIB should be classified with the Gram-positive microbacteria.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-38-3-363
1965-03-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/38/3/mic-38-3-363.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-38-3-363&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abd-el-Malek Y., Gibson T. 1948; Studies in the bacteriology of milk. II. The staphylococci and micrococci of milk. J. Dairy Res 15:249
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson J. I. W. 1962; Studies on micrococci isolated from the North Sea. J. appl. Bad 25:362
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Armstrong J. J., Baddiley J., Buchanan J. G., Carss B., Greenberg G. R. 1958; Isolation and structure of ribitol phosphate derivatives (teichoic acids) from bacterial walls. J. chem. Soc p 4344
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Baird-Parker A. C. 1962; The occurrence and enumeration, according to a new classification, of micrococci and staphylococci in bacon and on human and pig skin. J. appl. Bad 25:352
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Baird-Parker A. C. 1963; A classification of micrococci and staphylococci based on physiological and biochemical tests. J. gen. Microbiol 30:409
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Barber M., Kuper S. W. A. 1951; Identification of Staphylococcus pyogenes by the phosphatase reaction. J. Path. Bad 63:65
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bean R. C., Porter G. G. 1959; Detection and differentiation of sugars and polyols on single paper chromatograms. Analyt. Chem 31:1929
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Brown R. L., Evans J. B. 1963; Comparative physiology of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bad 85:1409
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Castellani A. 1955; Note préliminaire sur un nouveau microcoque isole d’une dermatite axillaire superficielle tropicale. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 89:475
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Clausen O. G. 1964; The discovery, isolation and classification of various α-haemolytic micrococci which resemble aerococci. J. gen. Microbiol 35:1
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Colombo D., Corbetta D., Pirotta A., Ruffini G., Sartori A. 1960; A solvent for qualitative and quantitative determinations of sugars using paper chromatography. J. Chromatog 3:343
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cowan S. T., Steel K. J. 1961; Diagnostic tables for the common medical bacteria. J. Hyg., Corrib 59:357
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cowan S. T., Steel K. J. 1964; Comparison of differentiating criteria for staphylococci and micrococci. J. Bad 88:804
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cummins C. S., Harris H. 1956a; The chemical composition of the cell wall in some Gram-positive bacteria and its possible value as a taxonomic character. J. gen. Microbiol 14:583
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cummins C. S., Harris H. 1956b; The relationships between certain members of the Staphylococcus-Micrococcus group as shown by their cell wall composition. Int. Bull, bad. Nomencl. Taxon 6:111
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Davis G. H. G., Baird-Parker A. C. 1959; The classification of certain filamentous bacteria with respect to their chemical composition. J. gen. Microbiol 21:612
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Davis G. H. G., Freer J. H. 1960; Studies upon an oral aerobic actinomycete. J. gen. Microbiol 23:163
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Davison A. L., Baddiley J. 1963; The distribution of teichoic acids in staphylococci. J. gen. Microbiol 32:271
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Davison A. L., Baddiley J., Hafstad T., Losnegard N., Oeding P. 1964; Teichoic acids in the walls of staphylococci. Nature, Lond 202:872
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Duthie E. S. 1954; Evidence for two forms of staphylococcal coagulase. J. gen. Microbiol 10:427
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Eisenberg R. C., Evans J. B. 1963; Energy and nitrogen requirements of M. roseus Canad. J. Microbiol 9:633
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Eisler D. M. 1961; Coagulation of human plasma by Pasteurella pestis. J. Bad 81:241
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Elek S. D., Levy E. 1950; Distribution of haemolysins in pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci. J. Path. Bact 61:541
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Elliott S. D. 1962; Teichoic acid and the group antigen of Group D streptococci. Nature, Lond 193:1105
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Elson L. A., Morgan W. J. 1933; A colorimetric method for the determination of glucosamine and chondrosamine. Biochem. J 27:1824
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Evans J. B., Bradford W. L., Niven C. F. Jr. 1955; Comments concerning the taxonomy of the genera Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Int. Bull. bad. Nomencl. Taxon 5:61
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Evans J. B., Buettner L. G., Niven C. F. Jr. 1952; Occurrence of streptococci that give a false positive coagulase test. J. Bad 64:433
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Felton E. A., Evans J. B., Niven C. F. Jr. 1953; Production of catalase by pediococci. J. Bad 65:481
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Field A. K., Naylor H. B. 1962; Induction of lysogenic Micrococcus lysodeikticus. J. Bad 84:1129
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Fletcher S. 1962; The growth of staphylococci in human serum. J. Path. Bad 84:327
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Frédéricq P. 1941; Des actions coagulants et fibrinolytiques du staphylocoque, du bacille pyocyanique et de leurs coagulases. Acta biol. belg 1:462
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Frédéricq P. 1946; Sur la coagulation du plasma oxalaté pas les cultures d’actinomycetes. C. r. Seanc. Soc. Biol 140:1165
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Günther H. L., White H. R. 1961; The cultural and physiological characters of the pediococci. J. gen. Microbiol 26:185
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Gregory M., Mabbitt L. A. 1957; The differentiation of bacterial species by paper chromatography. V. Preliminary examination of the micrococci. J. appl. Bad 20:226
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Heyworth R., Perkins H. R., Walker P. G. 1961; Paper chromatography of hexosamines and N-acetylhexosamines. Nature, Lond 190:261
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Hoare D. S., Work E. 1957; The stereoisomers of α-diaminopimelic acid. II. Their distribution in the bacterial order Actinomycetates and in certain Eubaeteriales. Biochem. J 65:441
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Hugh R., Leifson E. 1953; The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various Gram-negative bacteria. J. Bad 66:24
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Isaacs A., Scouller J. M. 1948; Catalase production by Gram-positive cocci: a simple test for differentiating enterocococci from micrococci. J. Path. Bad 60:135
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Jacobs S. I., Willis A. T., Goodburn G. M. 1963; Significance of deoxyribonuclease production by staphylococci. Nature, Lond 200:709
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Jensen J. 1963; Apocatalase of eatalase-negative staphylococci. Science 141:45
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Jones D., Deibel R. H., Niven C. F. Jr. 1963; Identity of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J. Bad 85:62
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Kocur M., Martinec T. 1962 A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Microcococcus Brno (Czechoslovakia): Fac. Sci. Univ. Purkyne;
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Kocur M., Martinec T. 1963a; The classification of some violet-pigmented micrococci. J. gen. Microbiol 32:185
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Kocur M., Martinec T. 1963b; The taxonomic status of Sporosarcina ureae (Beijerinck) Orla-Jensen. Int. Bull. bad. Nomencl. Taxon 13:201
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Langston C. W., Guttierez J., Bouma C. 1960; Catalase-producing strains of streptococci. J. Bad 80:693
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Lominski I., Smith D. D., Morrison R. B. 1953; A coagulase-destroying factor produced by variants of Staphylococcus aureus. Nature, Lond 171:214
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Losnegard N., Oeding P. 1963a; Immunochemical studies on polysaccharides from Staphylococcus epidermidis. I. Isolation and chemical characterization Ada path, microbiol. scand 58:482
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Losnegard N., Oeding P. 1963b; Immunochemical studies on polysaccharides from Staphylococcus epidermidis: 2. Antigenic properties Ada path, microbiol. scand 58:493
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Lucas P. R., Seeley H. W. 1955; A catalase negative Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. J. Bad 69:231
    [Google Scholar]
  50. MacDonald R. E. 1962; Some further observations on the physiology and taxonomic position of Planosarcina ureae. Bad. Proc p 24
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Mattick A. T. R., Cheeseman G. C., Berridge N. J., Bottazzi V. 1956; The differentiation of species of lactobacilli and streptococci by means of paper partition chromatography. J. appl. Bad 19:310
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Mossel D. A. A. 1962; Attempt in classification of catalase-positive staphylococci and micrococci. J. Bad 84:1140
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Munch-Petersen E. 1961; Staphylococcal coagulase. Zbl. Bakt (1 Ref.) 178:279
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Norris J. R. 1962; Electrophoretic analysis of bacterial esterase systems—an aid to taxonomy. J. gen. Microbiol 28:vii
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Parker M. T. 1962; Phage typing and the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection. J. appl. Bad 25:389
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Pereira A. T. 1962; Coagulase-negative strains of staphylococcus possessing antigen 51 as agents of urinary infection. J. clin. Path 15:252
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Pleva V., Kocur M. 1963; Electron microscopy of the genera Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Reports from conference on taxonomy of bacteria held at J. E. Purkyne University, Brno, Czechoslovakia Brno: Pub. Fac. Sci. Univ. Purkyne No;448
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Pohja M. S. 1960; Micrococci in fermented meat products. Classification and description of 171 different strains. S-uom. Maataloust. Seur. Julk no 96:1
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Pohja M. S., Gyllenberg H. G. 1962; Numerical taxonomy of micrococci of fermented meat origin. J. appl. Bad 25:341
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Poulik M. D. 1957; Starch gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous system of buffers. Nature, Lond 180:1477
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Robinson J., Gibbons N. E. 1952; The effects of salts on the growth of Micrococcus halodenitrificans n. sp. Can. J. Bad 30:147
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Rosenkast P., Clausen J. 1962; Classification of Micrococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) by means of electrophoretic mobility of extractable protein. Experientia 18:293
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Rosypal S., Kocur M. 1963; The taxonomic significance of the oxidation of carbon compounds by different strains of Micrococcus luteus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 29:313
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Rosypal S., Kocur M., Hodák K. 1963; A study of violet-pigmented micrococci. Yellow-pigmented mutants of Staphylococcus flavocyaneus. J. gen. Microbiol 32:189
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Roy J. K. 1960; A sensitive method for detecting sugars on paper chromatograms. Analyst, Lond 85:295
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Salton M. R. J. 1959; An improved method for the detection of N-acetylamino sugars on paper chromatograms. Biochim. biophys. Acta 34:308
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Salton M. R. J. 1960 Microbial Cell Walls London: John Wiley and Sons, Inc;
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Salton M. R. J., Horne R. W. 1951; Studies of bacterial cell walls. II. Methods of preparation and some properties of cell walls. Biochim. biophys. Ada 7:177
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Salton M. R. J., Pavlik J. G. 1960; Studies of the bacterial cell wall. VI. Wall composition and sensitivity to lysozyme. Biochim. biophys. Ada 39:398
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Schindler C. A., Schuhardt V. T. 1964; Lysostaphin: a new bacteriolytic agent for the staphylococcus. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A 51:414
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Shaw C., Stitt J. M., Cowan S. T. 1951; Staphylococci at their classification. J. gen. Microbiol 5:1010
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Smithies O. 1955; Zone electrophoresis in starch gels: Group variations in the serum proteins of normal human adults. Biochem. J 61:629
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Smithies W. R., Gibbons N. E., Bayley S. T. 1955; The chemical composition of the cell and cell wall of some halophilic bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol 1:605
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Sneath P. H. A. 1960; A study of the bacterial genus Chromobacterium. Iowa St. J. Sci 34:243
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Sneath P. H. A. 1962; The construction of taxonomic groups. In Microbial Classification Symp. Soc. gen. Microbiol 12:289
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Solomon J. J., San Clemente C. L. 1963; Some physiological characteristics of two sets of phage propagation strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Microbiol 11:36
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Somfolinsky D. 1953; De l’impetigo contagiosa suis et du Micrococcus hyicus n. sp. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk 95:302
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Steel K. J. 1964; Micrococcus xnolagabriellae Castellani. J. gen. Microbiol 36:133
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Su T. L. 1948; Micrococcin. An antibacterial substance formed by a strain of micrococcus. Br. J. exp. Path 29:473
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Takahashi I., Gibbons N. E. 1959; The effect of salt concentration on the morphology and chemical composition of M. halo-denitrificans. Can. J. Microbiol 5:25
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Thomas E. T., Schuhardt V. T. 1964; Susceptibility of aerobic Micrococcaceae to lysostaphin. Bad. Proc p 23
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Verhoeven W. 1957; In Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 1957. , 7th ed. Ed. by Breed R. S., Murray E. G. D., Smith N. R. p 457 London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox;
    [Google Scholar]
  83. White F., Rattray E. A. S., Davidson D. J. 1963; Sensitivity to antibiotics and biochemical activities of serotypes of bovine staphylococci. J. comp. Path 73:21
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Work E. 1964; Amino acids of walls of Micrococcus radiodurans. Nature, Lond 201:1107
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-38-3-363
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-38-3-363
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed