The Development of Rumen Microbial Populations in Lambs and Calves Under Various Conditions of Management Free

Abstract

Summary: The development of the rumen flora and fauna has been followed by microscopic observations of rumen fluid from 58 young lambs and calves kept under different conditions of management; including remaining with the dam, early weaning and artificial inoculation into the rumen. Ciliate-free animals were successfully maintained by isolation from direct contact with other ruminants from an early age, but it was noted that greater space should be left between cattle than between sheep. The general effect of different diets and treatments proved similar in calves and lambs but certain differences were noted in their flora. Certain large bacteria developed in isolated lambs without direct contact between animals. Some generalizations, particularly the effect of a high concentrate diet, were applicable to all animals examined, but there were variations between individual animals. In the establishment of rumen ciliates diet was the governing factor and artificial inoculation with ciliates proved as effective as constant contact with the dam. Although the ciliate-free animals showed no differences in performance certain differences in the rumen flora common to isolated calves and lambs were noted.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-29-4-563
1962-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/29/4/mic-29-4-563.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-29-4-563&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Becker E. R., Everett R. C. 1930; Comparative growth of normal infusoria-free lambs. Amer. J. Hyg 11:362
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Becker E. R., Hsiung T. S. 1929; The method by which ruminants acquire their fauna of infusoria and remarks concerning experiments on the host specificity of these protozoa. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Wash 15:684
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Briggs P. K., Hogan J. P., Reid R. L. 1957; The effect of volatile fatty acids, lactic acid and ammonia on rumen pH in sheep. Aust. J. agric. Res 8:674
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryant M. P., Burkey L. A. 1953; Numbers and some predominant groups of bacteria in the rumen of cows fed different rations. J. Dairy Sci 36:218
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bryant M. P., Small N. 1960; Observations on the ruminal micro-organisms of isolated and inoculated calves. J. Dairy Sci 43:654
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bryant M. P., Small N., Bouma C., Robinson I. 1958; Studies on the composition of the ruminal flora and fauna of young calves. J. Dairy Sci 41:1747
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Eadie J. M. 1959; Some aspects of rumen ciliate protozoa. Proc. Nutr. Soc 18:123
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Eadie J. M. 1962; Inter-relationships between certain species of rumen ciliate protozoa. J. gen. Microbiol 29:579
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Eadie J. M., Hobson P. N. 1962; Effect of the presence or absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on the total bacterial count in lambs. Nature, Lond 193:503
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Eadie J. M., Hobson P. N., Mann S. O. 1959; A relationship between some bacteria, protozoa and diet in early-weaned calves. Nature, Lond 183:624
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Eadie J. M., Oxford A. E. 1955; Factors involved in the production of a novel kind of derangement of storage mechanism in living holotrich ciliate protozoa from sheep rumen. J. gen. Microbiol 12:298
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Eadie J. M., Oxford A. E. 1957; A simple and safe procedure for the removal of holotrich cilates from the rumen of an adult fistulated sheep. Nature, Lond 179:485
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hungate R. E. 1960; Microbial ecology of the rumen. Bad. Rev 24:365
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Huhtanen C. N., Saunders R. K., Gall L. S. 1951; Some differences in adult and infant rumen flora of cattle on practical rations. J. anim. Sci 10:1049
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lengemann F. W., Allen N. N. 1959; Development of rumen function in the dairy calf. II. Effect of diet upon characteristics of the rumen flora and fauna of young calves. J. Dairy Sci 42:1171
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Moir R. J., Masson M. J. 1952; An illustrated scheme for the microscopic identification of the rumen micro-organisms of sheep. J. Path. Bad 64:343
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Phillipson A. T. 1955 In Advances in Veterinary Science vol. II p. 238 New York: Academic Press, Inc.;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pounden W. D., Hibbs J. W. 1948a; The influence of the ration and rumen inocula-tion on the establishment of certain micro-organisms in the rumen of young calves. J. Dairy Sci 31:1041
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pounden W. D., Hibbs J. W. 1948b; The influence of the ratio of grain to hay in the ration of dairy calves on certain rumen micro-organisms. J. Dairy Sci 31:1051
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Pounden W. D., Hibbs J. W. 1949; The influence of pasture and rumen inoculation on the establishment of certain micro-organisms in the rumen of young dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci 32:1025
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pounden W. D., Hibbs J. W. 1950; The development of calves raised without protozoa and certain other characteristic rumen micro-organisms. J. Dairy Sci 33:639
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Preston T. R. 1958; The value of rumen inoculations and of diets containing sweetening agents for calves weaned on to dry food at three weeks of age. Proc. Brit. Soc. Anim. Prod p. 33
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Purser D. B., Moir R. J. 1959; Ruminal flora studies in sheep. IX. The effect of pH on the ciliate population of the rumen in vivo. Aust. J. agric. Res 10:555
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rusoff L. L., Davis A. V. 1951; Growth-promoting effect of aureomycin on young calves weaned from milk at an early age. J. Nutr 45:289
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Smiles J., Dobson M. J. 1956; Direct ultra-violet and ultra-violet negative phase contrast micrography of bacteria from the stomachs of the sheep. J. R. micr. Soc 75:244
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Walker D. M. 1959; The development of the digestive system of the young animal. III. Carbohydrase enzyme development in the young lamb. J. agric. Sci 53:374
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-29-4-563
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-29-4-563
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed