Enumeration of Rumen Micro-organisms Free

Abstract

SUMMARY: Techniques are described for counting and differentiating the rumen microbial population. The rumen liquor is fixed and preserved in formol saline, and counts are made in two counting chambers, whose dimensions depend on the size of the organism to be counted; stained smears of the bacteria are also examined. Counts made on small samples of rumen liquor obtained through a fistula have been compared with counts on samples of the entire rumen contents; the ratio of these counts seemed to depend on the particular organism counted, the ration and the time after feeding. The importance of differential as opposed to total counts is emphasized.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-28-1-119
1962-04-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/28/1/mic-28-1-119.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-28-1-119&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adam K. M. G. 1951; The quantity and distribution of the ciliate protozoa in the large intestine of the horse. Parasitology 41:301
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Boyne A. W., Eadie J. M., Raitt K. 1957; The development and testing of a method of counting rumen ciliate protozoa. J. gen. Microbiol. 17:414
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bryant M. P., Burkey L. A. 1953; Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 36:205
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ferber K. E. 1928; Die Zahl und Masse der Infusorien im Pansen und ihre Bedeutung für den Eiweissaufbau beim Wiederkäuer. Z. Tierz. ZüchtBiol. 12:31
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gutierrez J. 1955; Experiments on the culture and physiology of holotrichs from the bovine rumen. Biochem. J. 60:516
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hungate R. E. 1942; The culture of Eudiplodinium neglectum with experiments on the digestion of cellulose. Biol. Bull., Woods Hole 83:303
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Köhler W. 1940; Versuehe über die zahlenmassige Veränderung der natürliehen Bakterienflora in den Verdauungsorganen der Wiederkäuer. Arch. Mikrobiol. 11:432
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Lengemann F. W., Allen N. N. 1955; The development of rumen function in the dairy calf. I. Some characteristics of the rumen contents of cattle of various ages. J. Dairy Sci. 38:651
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Lubinsky G. 1957; Studies on the evolution of the Ophryoscolecidae (Ciliata: Oligotricha). 1. A new species of Entodinium with ‘caudatum’, ‘loboso-spinosum’ and ‘dubardi’ forms, and some evolutionary trends in the genus Entodinium. Canad. J. Zool. 35:111
    [Google Scholar]
  10. McDonald I. W. 1952; The role of ammonia in ruminal digestion of protein. Biochem. J. 51:86
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Mattern C. F. T., Brackett F. S., Olson B. J. 1957; Determination of number and size of particles by electrical gating: blood cells. J. appl. Physiol. 10:56
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Moir R. J., Masson M. J. 1952; An illustrated scheme for the microscopic identification of the rumen micro-organisms of sheep. J. Path. Bact. 64:343
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Moir R. J., Somers M. 1957; Ruminal flora studies. VIII. The influence of rate and method of feeding a ration upon its digestibility, upon ruminal function, and upon the ruminal population. Aust. J. agric. Res. 8:253
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Oxford A. E. 1955; Parasitological reviews. The rumen ciliate protozoa. Exp. Parasitol. 4:569
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Pearson K. M., Smith J. A. B. 1943; The utilization of urea in the bovine rumen. 1. Methods of analysis of the rumen ingesta and preliminary experiments in vivo. Biochem. J. 37:142
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Purser D. B., Moir R. J. 1959; Ruminal flora studies in the sheep. IX. The effect of pH on the ciliate population of the rumen in vivo. Aust. J. agric. Res. 10:555
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Smith J. A. B., Baker F. 1944; The utilization of urea in the bovine rumen. 4. The isolation of the synthesized material and the correlation between protein synthesis and microbial activity. Biochem. J. 38:496
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Smith P. H., Sweeney II. C., Rooney J. R., King K. W., Moore W. E. C. 1956; Stratification and kinetic changes in the ingesta of the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 39:598
    [Google Scholar]
  19. van der Wath J. G. 1948; Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa. XII. A technique for the counting of ruminal bacteria. Onderstepoort J. vet. Sci. 23:385
    [Google Scholar]
  20. van der Wath J. G., Myburgh S. J. 1941; Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa. VI. The role of infusoria in ruminal digestion with some remarks on ruminal bacteria. Onderstepoort J. vet. Sci. 17:61
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Warner A. C. I. 1956; Criteria for establishing the validity of in vitro studies with rumen micro-organisms in so-called artificial rumen systems. J. gen. Microbiol. 14:733
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-28-1-119
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-28-1-119
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed