1887

Microbiology Society logo

Volume 148, Issue 7

Two pectin lyase genes, and , from f. sp. differ in a cellulose-binding domain and in their expression during infection of

bThe GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF158256 and AF156984.

Free

Abstract

Two pectin lyase genes, designated and , were cloned from f. sp. , a pathogen of round-leaved mallow (). was isolated using cDNA from infected plant material; was isolated using cDNA from 3-day-old mycelia grown in mallow-cell-wall extract (MCWE) broth. is the first pectinase gene described thus far to encode a cellulose-binding domain (CBD), which is common in cellulases and xylanases, whereas encodes a pectin lyase that lacks a CBD. In pure culture, expression could be detected when purified pectin or glucose was the sole carbon source, but not when MCWE was the sole carbon source. The lack of expression appeared to be due to gene repression by some unknown factor(s) in the cell-wall extract. In contrast, expression of was detected in cultures when MCWE, but not when purified pectin or glucose, was the sole carbon source. In infected tissue, detection of expression by Northern-blot hybridization and by RT-PCR began with the onset of the necrotrophic phase of infection. Expression of was not detectable by Northern-blot hybridization, but was observed byRT-PCR in both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection. The differences between and (i.e. encoding a CBD and differences in the expression patterns of both genes) may be related to the requirements of f. sp. to be able to grow in host tissue under the different conditions present during the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of infection.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Revised:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): anthracnose , biotrophy , CBD, cellulose-binding domain , Cgm, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae , CWDE, cell-wall-degrading enzyme , hemibiotrophy , LPH, large primary hyphae , mallow , MCWE, mallow-cell-wall extract , necrotrophy , PDA, potato dextrose agar , PEL, pectate lyase , PNL, pectin lyase , RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and TSH, thin secondary hyphae
© Microbiology Society
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149
2002-07-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/148/7/1482149a.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Annis S., Goodwin P. H. 1997; Recent advances in the molecular genetics of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by plant pathogenic fungi. Eur J Plant Pathol 103:1–14 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen C. Y. J., Jin S., Goodwin P. H. 2000; An improved method for the isolation of total RNA from Malva pusilla tissues infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . J Phytopathol 148:57–60 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. González-Candelas L., Kolattukudy P. E. 1992; Isolation and analysis of a novel inducible pectate lyase gene from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi ( Nectria haematococca , mating population VI). J Bacteriol 174:6343–6349
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Goodwin P. H., Li J., Jin S. 2000; Evidence for sulfate derepression of an arylsulfatase gene of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae during infection of round-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla . Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 57:169–176 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Guo W. L., González-Candelas L., Kolattukudy P. E. 1995a; Cloning of a new pectate lyase gene pelC from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi ( Nectria haematococca , mating type VI) and characterization of the gene product expressed in Pichia pastoris . Arch Biochem Biophys 323:352–360 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Guo W. L., González-Candelas L., Kolattukudy P. E. 1995b; Cloning of a novel constitutively expressed pectate lyase gene pelB from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Nectria haematococca , mating type VI) and characterization of the gene product expressed in Pichia pastoris . J Bacteriol 177:7070–7077
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Guo W. L., González-Candelas L., Kolattukudy P. E. 1996; Identification of a novel pelD gene expressed uniquely in planta by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi ( Nectria haematococca , mating type VI) and characterization of its protein product as an endo-pectate lyase. Arch Biochem Biophys 332:305–312 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Henrissat B., Heffron S. E., Yoder M. D., Lietzke S. E., Jurnak F. 1995; Functional implications of structure-based sequence alignment of proteins in the extracellular pectate lyase superfamily. Plant Physiol 107:963–976 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Jin S., Xu R., Wei Y., Goodwin P. H. 1999; Increased expression of a plant actin gene during a biotrophic interaction between round-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla , and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae .. Planta 209:487–494 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Keon J. P. R., Byrde R. J. W., Cooper R. 1987; Some aspects of fungal enzymes that degrade plant cell walls. In Fungal Infection of Plants pp 133–157 Edited by Pegg G. I., Ayers P. G. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Makowski R. M. D., Mortensen K. 1992; The first mycoherbicide in Canada: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae for round-leaved mallow control. In Proceedings of the First International Weed Control Congress pp 298–300 Edited by Richardson R. G. Melbourne, Australia: Monarch University;
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Mankarios A. T., Friend J. 1980; Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes of Botrytis allii and Sclerotium cepivorum . Enzyme production in culture and the effect of the enzymes on isolated onion cell walls. Physiol Plant Pathol 17:93–104 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Margolles-Clark E., Tenkanen M., Söderlund H., Penttilä M. 1996; Acetyl xylan esterase from Trichoderma reesei contains an active-site serine residue and cellulose-binding domain. Eur J Biochem 237:553–560 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Mateos F. V., Rickauer M., Esquerré-Tugayé M.-T. 1997; Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an elicitor of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae that shows cellulose-binding and lectin-like activities. Mol Plant–Microbe Interact 10:1045–1053 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Morin L., Derby J. A. L., Kokko E. G. 1996; Infection process of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae on Malvaceae weeds. Mycol Res 100:165–172 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Müller U., Tenberge K. B., Oeser B., Tudzynski P. 1997; cel1 , probably encoding a cellobiohydrolase lacking the substrate binding domain, is expressed in the initial infection phase of Claviceps purpurea on secale cereal. Mol Plant–Microbe Interact 10:268–279 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Rogers L. M., Kim Y. K., Guo W., González-Candelas L., Li D., Kolattukudy P. E. 2000; Requirement for either a host- or pectin-induced pectate lyase for infection of Pisum sativum by Nectria hematococca . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:9813–9818 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Saloheimo A., Henrissat B., Hoffren A., Teleman O., Penttilä M. 1994; A novel, small endoglucanase gene, egl5 , from Trichoderma reesei isolated by expression in yeast. Mol Microbiol 13:219–228 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. A. 1989 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Sheppard P. O., Grant F. J., Oort P. J., Sprecher C. A., Foster D. C., Hagen F. S., Upshall A., McKnight G. L., O’Hara P. J. 1994; The use of conserved cellulase family-specific sequences to clone cellulase homologue cDNAs from Fusarium oxysporum . Gene 150:163–167 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Shih J., Wei Y., Goodwin P. H. 2000; A comparison of the pectate lyase genes, pel-1 and pel-2 , of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae and the relationship between their expression in culture and during necrotrophic infection. Gene 243:139–150 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Sposato P., Ahn J.-H., Walton J. D. 1995; Characterization and disruption of a gene in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum encoding a cellulase lacking a cellulose binding domain and hinge region. Mol Plant–Microbe Interact 8:602–609 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Templeton M. D., Sharrock K. R., Bowen J. K., Crowhurst R. N., Rikkerink H. A. 1994; The pectin lyase-encoding gene ( pnl ) family from Glomerella cingulata : characterization of pnlA and its expression in yeast. Gene 142:141–146 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Tomme P., Warren R. A., Gilkes N. R. 1995; Cellulose hydrolysis by bacteria and fungi. In Advances in Microbial Physiology pp 1–88 Edited by Poole R. K. New York, NY: Academic Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  25. von Heijine G. 1991; Signals for protein import into organelles. In Plant Molecular Biology 2 pp 583–593 Edited by Hermann R. G., Larkins B. New York, NY: Plenum;
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Wang H., Jones R. W. 1996; Analyzing the role of a cellulose binding domain in fungal–plant interactions. Phytopathology 86:S91
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Wang P., Nuss D. L. 1995; Induction of a Cryphonectria parasitica cellobiohydrolase I gene is suppressed by hypovirus infection and regulated by a GTP-binding-protein-linked signaling pathway involved in fungal pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:11529–11533 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Wei Y. D., Byer K. N., Goodwin P. H. 1997; Hemibiotrophic infection of round-leaved mallow by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae in relation to leaf senescence and reducing reagents. Mycol Res 101:357–364 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Wubben J. P., ten Have A., van Kan J. A. L., Visser J. 2000; Regulation of endopolygalacturonase gene expression in Botrytis cinerea by galacturonic acid, ambient pH and carbon catabolite repression. Curr Genet 37:152–157 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Yakoby N., Beno-Moualem D., Keen N. T., Dinoor A., Pines O., Prusky D. 2001; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pelB is an important virulence factor in avocado fruit–fungus interaction. Mol Plant–Microbe Interact 14:988–995 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149
Loading
Two pectin lyase genes, pnl-1 and pnl-2, from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae differ in a cellulose-binding domain and in their expression during infection of Malva pusillabbThe GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF158256 and AF156984.
Microbiology 148, 2149 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-148-7-2149
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error