Mosaic structure of Shiga-toxin-2-encoding phages isolated from O157:H7 indicates frequent gene exchange between lambdoid phage genomes Free

Abstract

Shiga-toxin-2 ( )-encoding bacteriophages were isolated from Norwegian O157:H7 isolates of cattle and human origin. The phages were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, hybridization with probes for toxin genes and selected phage DNA such as the gene, integrase gene and IS, and by PCR studies and partial sequencing of selected DNA regions in the integrase to region of the phages. The -phage-containing bacteria from which inducible phages were detected produced similar amounts of toxin, as shown by a Vero cell assay. The results indicate that the population of -carrying phages is heterogeneous, although the phages from epidemiologically linked O157:H7 isolates were similar. There appears to have been frequent recombination of phages with other lambdoid phages.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-7-1929
2001-07-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/147/7/1471929a.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-7-1929&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Akiba M., Sameshima T., Nakazawa M. 2000; Clonal turnover of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 in experimentally infected cattle. FEMS Microbiol Lett 184:79–83 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W., Lipman D. J. 1990; Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker J., Limberger R., Schneider S. J., Campbell A. 1991; Recombination and modular exchange in the genesis of new lambdoid phages. New Biol 3:297–308
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barrett T. J., Lior H., Green J. H., Khakhria R., Wells J. G., Bell B. P., Greene K. D., Lewis J., Griffin P. M. 1994; Laboratory investigation of a multistate food-borne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. J Clin Microbiol 32:3013–3017
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Campbell A. 1994; Comparative molecular biology of lambdoid phages. Annu Rev Microbiol 48:193–222 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Datz M., Janetzki-Mittmann C., Franke S., Gunzer F., Schmidt H., Karch H. 1996; Analysis of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 DNA region containing lambdoid phage gene P and Shiga-like toxin structural genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:791–797
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Franklin N. C. 1985; Conservation of genome form but not sequence in the transcription antitermination determinants of bacteriophages lambda, phi 21 and P22. J Mol Biol 181:75–78 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Heir E., Lindstedt B.-A., Vardund T., Wasteson Y., Kapperud G. 2000; Genomic fingerprinting of shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains: comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and fluorescent amplified-fragment-length polymorphism (FAFLP. Epidemiol Infect 125:537–548 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hendrix R. W., Lawrence J. G., Hatfull G. F., Casjens S. 2000; The origins and ongoing evolution of viruses. Trends Microbiol 11:504–507
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Johansen B. K., Brynestad S., Wasteson Y. 2000; The association of IS 1203 and stx and p genes in E. coli O157: H7. In Pathogenicity and Virulence of Verotoxigenic E. coli Proceedings of Concerted Action CT98-3935 Meeting 3, University of LiègeBelgium8–10 November 1999 p p–178 Edited by Duffy G., Garvey P., Coia J., Wasteson Y., McDowell D. A. Dublin: The National Food Centre;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Juhala R. L., Ford M. E., Duda R. L., Youlton A., Hatfull G. F., Hendrix R. W. 2000; Genomic sequences of bacteriophages HK97 and HK022: pervasive genetic mosaicism in the lambdoid bacteriophages. J Mol Biol 299:27–51 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Karch H., Russmann H., Schmidt H., Schwarzkop A., Heesemann J. 1995; Long-term shedding and clonal turnover of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in diarrheal diseases. J Clin Microbiol 6:1602–1605
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kim J., Nietfeldt J., Benson A. K. 1999; Octamer-based genome scanning distinguishes a unique subpopulation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains in cattle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13288–13293 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kusumoto M., Nishiya Y., Kawamura Y. 2000; Reactivation of insertionally inactivated Shiga toxin 2 genes of Escherichia coli O157: H7 caused by nonreplicative transposition of the insertion sequence. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1133–1138 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. McDonough M. A., Butterton J. R. 1999; Spontaneous tandem amplification and deletion of the shiga toxin operon in Shigella dysenteriae 1. Mol Microbiol 34:1058–1069 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Makino K., Yokoyama K., Kubota Y. 15 other authors 1999; Complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT2-Sakai carrying the verotoxin 2 genes of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 derived from the Sakai outbreak. Genes Genet Syst 74:227–239 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Miyamoto H., Nakai W., Yajima N., Fujibayasji A., Higuchi T., Sato K., Matsushiro A. 1999; Sequence analysis of Stx2-converting phage VT2-Sa shows a great divergence in early regulation and replication regions. DNA Res 6:235–240 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Muniesa M., Recktenwald J., Bielaszewska M., Karch H., Schmidt H. 2000; Characterization of a shiga toxin 2e-converting bacteriophage from an Escherichia coli strain of human origin. Infect Immun 68:4850–4855 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Neely M. N., Friedman D. I. 1998; Functional and genetic analysis of regulatory regions of coliphage H-19B: location of shiga-like toxin and lysis genes suggest a role for phage functions in toxin release. Mol Microbiol 28:1255–1267 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. O’Brien A. D., Newland J. W., Miller S. F., Holmes R. K., Williams Smith H., Formal S. B. 1984; Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea. Science 226:694–696 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Olsvik Ø., Strockbine N. A. 1993; PCR detection of heat-stable, heat-labile, and Shiga-like toxin genes in Escherichia coli . In Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology: Principles and Applications pp 271–276 Edited by Persing D. H., Smith T. F., Tenover F. C., White T. J. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Perna N. T., Burland V. 25 other authors Plunkett G. III 2001; Genome sequence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Nature 409:529–533
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Plunkett G.III, Rose D. J., Durfee T. J., Blattner F. R. 1999; Sequence of Shiga toxin 2 phage 933W from Escherichia coli O157: H7: Shiga toxin as a phage late-gene product. J Bacteriol 181:1767–1778
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Sandvig K., Olsnes S. 1982; Entry of the toxic proteins abrin, modeccin, ricin, and diphtheria toxin into cells. I. Requirement for calcium. J Biol Chem 257:7495–7503
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Schmidt H., Bielaszewska M., Karch H. 1999; Transduction of enteric Escherichia coli isolates with a derivative of Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophage ϕ3538 isolated from Escherichia coli O157: H7. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3855–3861
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Unkmeir A., Schmidt H. 2000; Structural analysis of phage-borne stx genes and their flanking sequences in shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. Infect Immun 68:4856–4864 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Vold L., Johansen B. K., Kruse H., Skjerve E., Wasteson Y. 1998; Occurrence of shigatoxinogenic Escherichia coli O157 in Norwegian cattle herds. Epidemiol Infect 120:21–28 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Vold L., Sandberg M., Jarp J., Wasteson Y. 2001; Occurrence and characterisation of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from cattle in Norway. Vet Res Commun 25:13–26 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Wagner P. L., Acheson D. W. K., Waldor M. K. 1999; Isogenic lysogens of diverse Shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophages produce markedly different amounts of Shiga toxin. Infect Immun 67:6710–6714
    [Google Scholar]
  31. World Health Organization 1999; Zoonotic non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). WHO/CSR/APH/98.8
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Yokoyama K., Makino K., Kubota Y. 16 other authors 2000; Complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-sakai carrying the Shiga toxin 1 genes of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain derived from the Sakai outbreak. Gene 258:127–139 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-7-1929
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-147-7-1929
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed