Molecular characterization of the mycobacterial SenX3–RegX3 two-component system: evidence for autoregulation

References

1. Aiba H., Nakasai F., Mizushima S., Mizuno T. 1989; Phosphorylation of a bacterial activator protein, OmpR, by a protein kinase, EnvZ, results in stimulation of its DNA-binding ability. J Biochem 109:5–7
   [Google Scholar]
2. Alex L. A., Simon M. I. 1994; Protein histidine kinases and signal transduction in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Trends Genet 10:133–138 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bajaj V., Lucas R. L., Hwang C., Lee C. A. 1996; Co-ordinate regulation of the Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes by environmental and regulatory factors is mediated by control of hilA expression. Mol Microbiol 22:703–714 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bird T. H., Grimsley J. K., Hoch J. A., Spiegelman G. B. 1996; The Bacillus subtilis response regulator SpoOA stimulates transcription of the spoIIG operon through modification of RNA polymerase promoter complexes. J Mol Biol 256:436–448 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
5. Boucher P. E., Stibitz S. 1995; Synergistic binding of RNA polymerase and BvgA phosphate to the pertussis toxin promoter of Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol 177:6486–6491
   [Google Scholar]
6. Boucher P. E., Menozzi F. D., Locht C. 1994; The modular architecture of bacterial response regulators: insights into the activation mechanism of BvgA transactivator of Bordetella pertussis. J Mol Biol 241:363–377 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
7. Boucher P. E., Murakami K., Ishihama A., Stibitz S. 1997; Nature of DNA binding and RNA polymerase interaction of the Bordetella pertussis BvgA transcriptional activator at the fha promoter. J Bacteriol 179:1755–1763
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bowden G. A., Georgiou G. 1990; Folding and aggregation of β-lactamase in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 265:16760–16766
   [Google Scholar]
9. Cole S., Brosch R., Parkhill J.39 other authors 1998; Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature 393:537–544 [CrossRef]
   [Google Scholar]
10. Dahl J. L., Wei B., Kadner R. J. 1997; Protein phosphorylation affects binding of the Escherichia coli transcription activator UhpA to the uhpT promoter. J Biol Chem 272:1910–1919 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
11. Forst S., Delgado J., Inouye M. 1989; Phosphorylation of OmpR by the osmosensor EnvZ modulates expression of the ompF and ompC genes in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6052–6056 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
12. Fujitaki J. M., Smith R. A. 1984; Techniques in the detection and characterization of phosphoramidate-containing proteins. Methods Enzymol 107:23–36
    [Google Scholar]
13. Haydel S. E., Dunlap N. E., Benjamin W. H. Jr 1999; In vitro evidence of two-component system phosphorylation between the Mycobacterium tuberculosis TcR/TcrS proteins. Microb Pathog 26:195–206 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
14. Hess J. F., Bourret R. B., Simon M. I. 1988; Histidine phosphorylation and phosphoryl group transfer in bacterial chemotaxis. Nature 336:139–143 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
15. Hoch J. A., Silhavy T. J. 1995 Two-Component Signal Transduction Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
16. Igo M. M., Silhavy T. J. 1988; EnvZ, a transmembrane environmental sensor of Escherichia coli K-12, is phosphorylated in vitro. J Bacteriol 170:5971–5973
    [Google Scholar]
17. Igo M. M., Ninfa A. J., Stock J. B., Silhavy T. J. 1989; Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a bacterial transcriptional activator by a transmembrane receptor. Genes Dev 3:1725–1734 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
18. Jacobs W. B. Jr, Kalpana G. V., Cirillio J. D., Pascopella L., Snapper S. B., Udani R. A., Jones W., Barletta R. G., Bloom B. R. 1991; Genetic systems for mycobacteria. Methods Enzymol 204:537–555
    [Google Scholar]
19. Kleerebezem M., Quadri L. E., Kuipers O. P., De Vos W. M. 1997; Quorum sensing by peptide pheromones and two-component signal-transduction systems in Gram-positive bacteria. Mol Microbiol 25:895–904
    [Google Scholar]
20. Kondo H., Nakagawa A., Nishihira J., Nishimura Y., Mizuno T., Tanaka I. 1997; Escherichia coli positive regulator OmpR has a large loop structure at the putative RNA polymerase interaction site. Nat Struct Biol 4:28–31 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
21. Kremer L., Baulard A., Estaquier J., Poulain-Godefroy O., Locht C. 1995; Green fluorescent protein as a new expression marker in mycobacteria. Mol Microbiol 17:913–922 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
22. Li J., Kustu S., Stewart V. 1994; In vitro interaction of nitrate-responsive regulatory protein NarL with DNA target sequences in the fdnG, narG, narK and frdA operon control regions of Escherichia coli K-12. J Mol Biol 241:150–165 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
23. Liu W., Hulett F. M. 1997; Bacillus subtilis PhoP binds to the phoB tandem promoter exclusively within the phosphate starvation-inducible promoter. J Bacteriol 179:6302–6310
    [Google Scholar]
24. Lynch A. S., Lin E. C. C. 1996; Transcriptional control mediated by the ArcA two-component response regulator protein of Escherichia coli: characterization of DNA binding at target promoters. J Bacteriol 178:6238–6249
    [Google Scholar]
25. Makino K., Shinagawa H., Amemura M., Kawamoto T., Yamada M., Nakata A. 1989; Signal transduction in the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli involves phosphotransfer between PhoR and PhoB proteins. J Mol Biol 210:551–559 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
26. Martinez-Hackert E., Stock A. M. 1997; Structural relationships in the OmpR family of winged-helix transcription factors. J Mol Biol 269:301–312 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
27. Meyer M., Dimroth P., Bott M. 1997; In vitro binding of the response regulator CitB and of its carboxy-terminal domain to A+T-rich DNA target sequences in the control region of the divergent citC and citS operons of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Mol Biol 269:719–731 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
28. Miller J. H. 1992 A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics: a Laboratory Manual and Handbook for Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
29. Mukhopadhyay A. 1997; Inclusion bodies and purification of proteins in biologically active forms. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 56:61–109
    [Google Scholar]
30. Nakashima K., Kanamaru K., Aiba H., Mizuno T. 1991; Signal transduction and osmoregulation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 266:10775–10780
    [Google Scholar]
31. Ninfa A. J., Bennet R. L. 1991; Identification of the site of autophosphorylation of the bacterial protein kinase/phosphatase NRII. J Biol Chem 266:6888–6893
    [Google Scholar]
32. Parkinson J. S., Kofoid E. C. 1992; Communication modules in bacterial signalling proteins. Annu Rev Genet 26:71–112 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
33. Perego M., Hanstein C., Welsh K. M., Djavakhishvli T., Glaser P., Hoch J. A. 1994; Multiple protein-aspartate phosphatases provide a mechanism for the integration of diverse signals in the control of development in B. subtilis. Cell 79:1047–1055 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
34. Porter S. C., North A. K., Wedel A. B., Kustu S. 1993; Oligomerization of NtrC at the glnA enhancer is required for transcriptional activation. Genes Dev 7:2258–2273 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
35. Raivio T. L., Popkin D. L., Silhavy T. J. 1999; The Cpx envelope stress response is controlled by amplification and feedback inhibition. J Bacteriol 181:5263–5272
    [Google Scholar]
36. Roberts D. L., Bennett D. W., Forst S. A. 1994; Identification of the site of phosphorylation on the osmosensor, EnvZ, of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 269:8728–8733
    [Google Scholar]
37. Soncini F. C., Vescovi E. G., Groisman E. A. 1995; Transcriptional autoregulation of the Salmonella typhimurium phoPQ operon. J Bacteriol 177:4364–4371
    [Google Scholar]
38. Steffen S., Goyard P., Ullmann A. 1996; Phosphorylated BvgA is sufficient for transcriptional activation of virulence-regulated genes in Bordetella pertussis. EMBO J 15:102–109
    [Google Scholar]
39. Stock J. B., Ninfa A. J., Stock A. M. 1989; Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria. Microbiol Rev 53:450–490
    [Google Scholar]
40. Stock J. B., Surette M. G., Levit M., Park P. 1995; Two-component signal transduction systems: structure-function relationships and mechanisms of catalysis. In Two-Component Signal Transduction pp. 25–52Edited by Hoch J. A., Silhavy T. J. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
41. Supply P., Magdalena J., Himpens S., Locht C. 1997; Identification of novel intergenic repetitive units in a mycobacterial two-component system operon. Mol Microbiol 26:991–1003 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
42. Swanson R. V., Alex L. A., Simon M. I. 1994; Histidine and aspartate phosphorylation: two-component systems and the limits of homology. Trends Biochem Sci 19:485–490 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
43. Via L. E., Curcic R., Mudd M. H., Dhandayuthapani S., Ulmer R. J., Deretic V. 1996; Elements of signal transduction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: in vitro phosphorylation and in vivo expression of the response regulator MtrA. J Bacteriol 178:3314–3321
    [Google Scholar]
44. Weiss V., Claverie-Martin F., Magasanik B. 1992; Phosphorylation of nitrogen regulator I of Escherichia coli induces strong cooperative binding to DNA essential for activation of transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:5088–5092 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
45. Wyman C., Rombel I., North A. K., Bustamante C., Kustu S. 1997; Unusual oligomerization required for activity of NtrC, a bacterial enhancer-binding protein. Science 275:1658–1661 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]