1887

Abstract

To investigate the role of mitogenic factor (MF) in streptococcal pathogenesis, the structural gene () encoding this protein was disrupted in a clinical isolate of H293, to yield the isogenic mutant H363. Growth in enriched broth and on blood agar was unaffected by disruption of . Cell-free broth supernatants from H293 and H363 demonstrated identical promitogenic activities when co-incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even when diluted 100000-fold, showing that MF is not a major streptococcal mitogen compared with other secreted superantigens. Disruption of resulted in complete loss of DNase B production and detectable DNase activity in H363 compared with the parent strain, confirming that the single gene , which is present in all group A streptococcal M serotypes studied, encodes DNase B. Despite loss of DNase activity, the virulence of in a mouse model of necrotizing fasciitis and myositis was unaffected.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2785
2000-11-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/146/11/1462785a.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2785&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bisno A. L. 1995; Streptococcus pyogenes. In Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases pp. 1786–1799Edited by Mandell G. L., Bennett J. E., Dolin R. New York: Churchill Livingstone;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bogni C., Segura M., Giraudo J., Giraudo A., Calzolari A., Nagel R. 1998; Avirulence and immunogenicity in mice of a bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus mutant. Can J Vet Res 62:293–298
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Caparon M. G., Scott J. R. 1991; Genetic manipulation of pathogenic streptococci. Methods Enzymol 204:556–586
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Davies H. D., McGeer A., Schwartz B., Green K., Cann D., Simor A. E., Low D. E. 1996; Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. Ontario group A streptococcal study group. N Engl J Med 335:547–554 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Eriksson A., Eriksson B., Holm S. E., Norgren M. 1999; Streptococcal DNase B is immunologically identical to superantigen SpeF but involves separate domains. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6:133–136
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gerber M. A., Kaplan E. L., Gastanaduy A. S., McKay C., Wannamaker L. W. 1980; The immunologic response to group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections in very young children. J Pediatr 96:374–379 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Herman A., Kappler J. W., Marrack P., Pullen A. M. 1991; Superantigens: mechanism of T-cell stimulation and role in immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 9:745–772 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Iwasaki M., Igarashi H., Hinuma Y., Yutsudo T. 1993; Cloning, characterization and overexpression of a Streptococcus pyogenes gene encoding a new type of mitogenic factor. FEBS Lett 331:187–192 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Iwasaki M., Igarashi H., Yutsudo T. 1997; Mitogenic factor secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes is a heat-stable nuclease requiring His122 for activity. Microbiology 143:2449–2455 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Matsumoto M., Ishikawa N., Saito M., Shibayama K., Horii T., Sato K., Ohta M. 1999; Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin F (SpeF) causes permeabilization of lung blood vessels. Infect Immun 67:4307–4311
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Norrby-Teglund A., Pauksens K., Holm S. E., Norgren M. 1994a; Relation between low capacity of human sera to inhibit streptococcal mitogens and serious manifestations of disease. J Infect Dis 170:585–591 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Norrby-Teglund A., Newton D., Kotb M., Holm S. E., Norgren M. 1994b; Superantigenic properties of the group A streptococcal exotoxin SpeF (MF). Infect Immun 62:5227–5233
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Norrby-Teglund A., Norgren M., Holm S. E., Andersson U., Andersson J. 1994c; Similar cytokine induction profiles of a novel streptococcal exotoxin, MF, and pyrogenic exotoxins A and B. Infect Immun 62:3731–3738
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Podbielski A., Zarges I., Flosdorff A., Weber-Heynemann J. 1996; Molecular characterization of a major serotype M49 group A streptococcal DNase gene (sdaD). Infect Immun 64:5349–5356
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Proft T., Moffatt S. L., Berkahn C. J., Fraser J. D. 1999; Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes. J Exp Med 189:89–101 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Sriskandan S., Moyes D., Buttery L. K., Krausz T., Evans T. J., Polak J., Cohen J. 1996; Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A release, distribution, and role in a murine model of fasciitis and multiorgan failure due to Streptococcus pyogenes. J Infect Dis 173:1399–1407 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Sriskandan S., Unnikrishnan M., Krausz T., Cohen J. 1999; Molecular analysis of the role of streptococcal pyrogenic Exotoxin A (SPEA) in invasive soft-tissue infection resulting from Streptococcus pyogenes. Mol Microbiol 33:778–790 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Suvorov A. N., Ferretti J. J. 1996; Physical and genetic map of an M1 type 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Bacteriol 178:5546–5549
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Toyosaki T., Yoshioka T., Tsuruta Y., Yutsudo T., Iwasaki M., Suzuki R. 1996; Definition of the mitogenic factor (MF) as a novel streptococcal superantigen that is different from streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C. Eur J Immunol 26:2693–2701 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Unnikrishnan M., Cohen J., Sriskandan S. 1999; Growth phase-dependent expression of virulence factors in an M1T1 clinical isolate of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun 67:5495–5499
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Zurawski C. A., Bardsley M. S., Beall B., Elliot J. A., Facklam R., Schwartz B., Farley M. M. 1998; Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: a population-based assessment. Clin Infect Dis 27:150–157 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2785
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2785
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error