1887

Abstract

4/74 is highly virulent for cattle after oral challenge, causing severe diarrhoea, which is sometimes associated with systemic spread of the micro-organism. Although susceptible to oral challenge, groups of cattle were found to be relatively resistant to subcutaneous challenge with this strain. The virulence of 4/74 harbouring mutations in and was also assessed in cattle. Although 4/74 and are attenuated following oral challenge in mice, cattle were highly susceptible to oral challenge with these mutants. As with the parent 4/74 strain, cattle exhibited greater susceptibility to oral compared to subcutaneous challenge with andmutants. Following subcutaneous challenge with sublethal levels of 4/74, calves produced significant levels of antibodies to soluble extract. No correlation was detected between interferon gamma levels in sera and susceptibility to infection by any route. The concentrations of the acute-phase-associated protein haptoglobin were increased in the sera of five of six cattle inoculated subcutaneously, although increases in concentration were smaller in cattle inoculated orally.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2775
2000-11-01
2024-12-04
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/146/11/1462775a.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2775&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bairey M. S. 1978; Immunization of calves against salmonellosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 173:610–614
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Chatfield S. N., Strahan K., Pickard D., Charles I. G., Hormaeche C. E., Dougan G. 1992; Evaluation of Salmonella typhimurium strains harbouring defined mutations in htrA and aroA in the murine salmonellosis model. Microb Pathog 12:145–151 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Chiang S. L., Mekalanos J. J., Holden D. W. 1999; In vivo genetic analysis of bacterial virulence. Annu Rev Microbiol 53:129–154 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Demarco de Hormaeche R., Jessop H., Senior K. 1988; Gonococcal variants selected by growth in vivo or in vitro have antigenically different LPS. Microb Pathog 4:289–297 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Eckersall P. D., Duthie S., Moffatt D., Horadagoda N. U., Doyle S., Parton R., Bennett D., Fitzpatrick J. L. 1999; An automated biochemical assay for haptoglobin: prevention of interference from albumin. Comp Haematol Int 9:117–124 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Everest P., Allen J., Papaconstantinopoulou P., Mastroeni P., Roberts M., Dougan G. 1997; Salmonella typhimurium infections in mice deficient in interleukin-4 production: role of IL-4 in infection associated pathology. J Immunol 159:1820–1827
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Everest P., Ketley J., Hardy S., Douce G., Khan S., Shea J., Holden D., Maskell D., Dougan G. 1999; Evaluation of Salmonella typhimurium mutants in a model of experimental gastroenteritis. Infect Immun 67:2815–2821
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gentschev I., Glaser L., Goebel W., McKeever D. J., Musoke A., Heussler V. T. 1998; Delivery of the p67 sporozoite antigen of Theileria parva by using recombinant Salmonella dublin: secretion of the product enhances specific antibody responses in cattle. Infect Immun 66:2060–2064
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. 1981; Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature 291:238–239 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hone D. M., Attridge S. R., Forrest B., Morona R., Daniels D., LaBrooy J. T., Bartholomeusz R. C., Shearman D. J., Hackett J. 1988; A galE via (Vi antigen-negative) mutant of Salmonella typhi Ty2 retains virulence in humans. Infect Immun 56:1326–1333
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Horadagoda A., Eckersall P. D., Hodgson J. C., Gibbs H. A. 1994; Immediate responses in serum TNFα and acute phase protein concentrations to infection with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in calves. Res Vet Sci 57:129–132 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Horadagoda N. U., Knox K. M. G., Gibbs H. A., Reid S. W. J., Horadagoda A., Edwards S. E. R., Eckersall P. D. 1999; Acute phase proteins in cattle: discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation. Vet Rec 144:437–444 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hormaeche C. E., Khan C. M. A., Mastroeni P., Villarreal B., Dougan G., Roberts M., Chatfield S. N. 1995; Salmonella vaccines: mechanisms of immunity and their use as carriers of recombinant antigens. In Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Vaccine Development pp. 119–153Edited by Ala’Aldeen D. A. A., Hormaeche C. E. Guilford: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnson K. J., Charles I. G., Miller I. A., Pickard D., O’Goara P., Costa G., Ali T., Hormaeche C. E. 1991; The role of a stress-response protein in Salmonella typhimurium virulence. Mol Microbiol 5:401–407 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jones P. W., Collins P., Aitken M. M. 1988; Passive protection of calves against experimental infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Vet Rec 123:536–541 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Jones P. W., Dougan G., Hayward C., Mackensie N., Collins P., Chatfield S. N. 1991; Oral vaccination of calves against experimental salmonellosis using a double aro mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. Vaccine 9:29–34 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Levine M. M., Dougan G. 1998; Optimism over vaccines administered through mucosal surfaces. Lancet 351:1375–1376 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Levine M. M., Herrington D., Murphy J. R.8 other authors 1987; Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity and in vivo stability of two attenuated auxotrophic mutant strains of Salmonella typhi, 541Ty and 543Ty as live oral vaccines in humans. J Clin Invest 79:888–902 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Makimura S., Suzuki N. 1982; Quantitative determination of bovine serum haptoglobin and its elevation in some inflammatory diseases. Jpn J Vet Sci 44:15–21 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mastroeni P., Harrison J. A., Chabalgoity J. A., Hormaeche C. E. 1996; Effect of interleukin 12 neutralization on host resistance and gamma interferon production in mouse typhoid. Infect Immun 64:189–196
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Mastroeni P., Bowe F., Simmons C., Cahill R., Dougan G. 1999; Vaccines against gut pathogens. Gut 45:633–635 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Muotiala A., Makela P. H. 1990; The role of IFNγ in murine Salmonella typhimurium infection. Microb Pathog 8:135–141 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. O’Callaghan D., Maskell D., Liew F. Y., Easmon C. S. F., Dougan G. 1988; Characterization of aromatic- and purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium: attenuation, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 56:419–423
    [Google Scholar]
  24. d’Oliveira C., Feenstra A., Vos H., Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Shiels B. R., Cornelissen A. W. C. A., Jongejan F. 1997; Induction of protective immunity to Theileria annulata using two major merozoite surface antigens presented by different delivery systems. Vaccine 15:1796–1804 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Ramarathinam L., Shaban R. A., Niesel D. W., Klimpel G. R. 1991; Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by gut-associated lymphoid tissue and spleen following oral Salmonella typhimurium challenge. Microb Pathog 11:347–356 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Rankin J. D., Taylor R. J. 1966; The estimation of doses of Salmonella typhimurium suitable for the experimental production of disease in calves. Vet Rec 78:706–707 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rappaport F., Konforti N., Navon B. 1956; A new enrichment medium for certain salmonellae. J Clin Pathol 9:261–266 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Segall T., Lindberg A. A. 1993; Oral vaccination of calves with an aromatic-dependent Salmonella dublin (O9,12) hybrid expressing O4,12 protects against S. dublin (O9,12) but not against Salmonella typhimurium (O4,5,12). Infect Immun 61:1222–1231
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Smith B. P., Reina-Gurra M., Stocker B. A., Hosieth S. K., Johnson E. 1984; Aromatic-dependent Salmonella dublin as a parenteral modified live vaccine for calves. Am J Vet Res 45:2231–2235
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Strahan K., Chatfield S. N., Tite J., Dougan G., Hormaeche C. 1992; Impaired resistance to infection does not increase the virulence of Salmonella htrA live vaccines for mice. Microb Pathog 12:311–317 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tacket C. O., Hone D. M., Losonsky G. A., Guers L., Edelman R., Levine M. M. 1992; Clinical acceptability and immunogenicity of CVD908 Salmonella typhi vaccine strain. Vaccine 10:443–446 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tacket C. O., Sztein M. B., Wasserman S. S.11 other authors 2000; Phase 2 clinical trial of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar typhi oral live vector vaccine CVD 908-htrA in U.S. volunteers. Infect Immun 68:1196–1201 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Tsolis R. M., Adams L. G., Ficht T. A., Bäumler A. J. 1999; Contribution of Salmonella typhimurium virulence factors to diarrheal disease in calves. Infect Immun 67:4879–4885
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Villarreal B., Mastroeni P., Demarco de Hormaeche R., Hormaeche C. E. 1992; Proliferative and T-cell specific interleukin (IL-2/IL-4) production responses in spleen cells from mice vaccinated with aroA live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. Microb Pathog 13:305–315 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Villarreal-Ramos B., Manser J., Collins R. A., Dougan G., Chatfield S. N., Howard C. 1998; Immune responses in calves immunised orally or subcutaneously with a live Salmonella typhimurium aro vaccine. Vaccine 16:45–54 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Villarreal-Ramos B., Manser J. M., Collins R. A., Dougan G., Howard C. J. 2000; Cattle immune responses to tetanus toxoid elicited by recombinant Salmonella typhimurium vaccines or tetanus toxoid in alum or Freund’s adjuvant. Vaccine 14:1515–1521
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Watson P. R., Galyov E. E., Paulin S. M., Jones P. W., Wallis T. S. 1998; Mutation of invH, but not stn, reduces Salmonella-induced enteritis in cattle. Infect Immun 66:1432–1438
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2775
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-146-11-2775
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error