Involvement of in physiological and morphological development in A3(2)

The GenBank accession number for the promoter sequence reported in this paper is D63677.

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Abstract

plays a regulatory role in aerial mycelium formation in and is distributed widely among species. Disruption of the chromosomal gene in A3(2) severely reduced formation of aerial hyphae, indicating that is important in morphological development. In addition, the disruption caused A3(2) M130 to produce much less actinorhodin, and to produce undecylprodigiosin at a later stage of growth, indicating that also regulates secondary metabolism. S1 nuclease mapping showed that transcription of II-ORF4, the pathway-specific transcriptional activator in the gene cluster, was greatly reduced in the disruptants. The defect in secondary metabolite formation was suppressed or overcome by a mutation in . Consequently, an -disrupted strain derived from A3(2) M145, an actinorhodin-overproducing strain due to the mutation, still produced a large amount of actinorhodin. Extra copies of in strains M130 and M145 did not change spore-chain morphology or secondary metabolite formation. However, the spores in these strains remained white even after prolonged incubation. Since only spore pigmentation was affected, all known genes, except , responsible for the polyketide spore pigment formation, were assumed to function normally. S1 nuclease mapping showed that transcription of , one of the promoters in the locus, was reduced in A3(2) containing extra copies of . Introducing into several other species, such as , and , also abolished spore pigment formation. An increase in the amount of AmfC appeared to disturb the maturation of spores.

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1999-09-01
2024-03-29
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