@article{mbs:/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-145-12-3331, author = "Schmid, Esther and Büchler , Christa and Altenbuchner, Josef", title = "AUD4, a new amplifiable element from Streptomyces lividansThe GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AF072709.", journal= "Microbiology", year = "1999", volume = "145", number = "12", pages = "3331-3341", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-145-12-3331", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-145-12-3331", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1465-2080", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "DNA amplification", keywords = "deletion", keywords = "AUD, amplifiable unit of DNA", keywords = "class I amplifiable elements ", keywords = "genetic instability", keywords = "HT, Hickey–Tresner", keywords = "ADS, amplified DNA sequence", abstract = "After transformation of the Streptomyces lividans chloramphenicol-sensitive, arginine-auxotrophic mutant strain AJ100 with a derivative of plasmid SCP2, some of the regenerated protoplasts contained an 8·2 kb DNA sequence amplified to several hundred copies per chromosome. The corresponding non-amplified sequence, called AUD4, was isolated from a λ phage genomic library of S. lividans 1326. Two cytosine residues were the only directly repeated nucleotides at the ends of the element, indicating that AUD4 is a class I amplifiable sequence. The element mapped in the AseI-D fragment of the S. lividans chromosome, where other class I amplifications have been described. The complete element was sequenced and 10 ORFs were identified. Some of the deduced proteins are highly conserved in other organisms but a putative function could be attributed to only a few of them. Duplication of AUD4 by integration of an Escherichia coli plasmid carrying various parts of AUD4 and a thiostrepton-resistance gene in S. lividans AJ100, ZX7 or TK64 induced amplification of the integrated plasmid, AUD4 or both at high frequency.", }