Bacteriophage M1 from the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium strain ML12 comprises a 30 nm icosahedral capsid, a 25 nm tail and 48 kb of linear dsDNA with cohesive ends. A restriction map of the phage genome has been constructed. The presence of bacteriophage M1 in the rumen has been demonstrated by PCR amplification and Southern blot analysis of DNA from rumen bacterial samples obtained from ten different sheep. Lysogeny was demonstrated by hybridization of M1 DNA to host chromosomal DNA and by identification and cloning of a 2.3 kb region of the phage containing the predicted attP domain which promotes chromosomal integration. DNA sequencing of the attP region demonstrated two major ORFs surrounding the predicted attP site and structural analysis of this region revealed a motif comprising three different inverted repeats surrounding a 12 bp palindrome. Analysis of the translated amino acid sequence upstream of the attP site demonstrated the presence of conserved residues found within integrase proteins of several temperate phages of different bacterial species.
ArgosP.,
LandyA.,
AbremskiK.9 other authors1986; The integrase family of site-specific recombinases: regional similarities and global diversity.. EMBO J 5:433–440
BoyceJ.D.,
DavidsonB.E.,
HillerA.J.1995; Sequence analysis of the Lactococcus lactis temperate bacteriophage BK5-T and demonstration that the phage DNA has cohesive ends.. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:4105–1109
BrownP.B.,
IdlerK.B.,
KatzL.1990; Characterization of the genetic element required for site-specific integration of plasmid pSE211 in Saccharopolyspora erythraea.. J Bacteriol 172:1877–1888
DupontL.,
Boizet-BonhoureB.,
CoddevilleM.,
AuvrayF.,
RitzenthalerP.1995; Characterization of genetic elements required for site-specific integration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus bacteriophage mv4 and construction of an integration-proficient vector for Lactobacillus plantarum.. J Bacteriol 177:586–595
GreggK.,
KennedyB.G.,
KlieveA.V.1994; Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the region containing attP of the temperate phage ϕAR29 of Prevotella ruminicola AR29.. Microbiology 140:2109–2114
HauserM.A.,
ScoccaJ.J.1992; Site-specific integration of Haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage HP1: location of the boundaries of the phage attachment site.. J Bacteriol 174:6674–6677
HazelwoodG.P.,
MunnE.A.,
OrpinC.G.1983; Bacteriophage from Selenomonas ruminantium.. In Abstracts of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society for Microbiology pp. 76–77 Canadian Society for Microbiology
KlieveA.V.,
SwainR.A.1993; Estimation of ruminal bacteriophage numbers by pulsed-field electrophoresis and laser densitometry.. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:2299–2303
LockingtonR.A.,
AttwoodG.T.,
BrookerJ.D.1988; Isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage from ruminal anaerobe Selenomonas ruminantium.. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1575–1580
LubitzW.,
HarknessR.E.,
IshiguroE.E.1984; Requirement for a functional host cell autolytic enzyme system for lysis of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage Phi X174.. J Bacteriol 159:385–387
NiliN.,
BrookerJ.D.1995; A defined medium for identification of strains impaired in de novo biosynthesis of certain amino acids.. Lett Appl Microbiol 21:69–74
StyriakI.,
GalfiP.,
KmetV.1991; Preliminary observations of interaction between bacteriophages and Streptococcus bovis bacteria on ruminal epithelium primoculture.. Vet Microbiol 29:281–287
TojoN.,
Sanmiya.,
SugawaraH.,
InouyeS.,
KomanoT.1996; Integration of bacteriophage Mx8 into the Myxococcus xanthus chromosome causes a structural alteration at the C-terminus of the int protein.. J Bacteriol 178:4004–4011
WonznyM.A.,
BryantM.P.,
HoidemanL.V.,
MooreW.E.C.1977; Urease assay and urease producing species of anaerobes in the bovine rumen and human species.. Appl Environ Microbiol 33:1097–1104